基于用户异质性的旅游巴士定价研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 考虑不同年龄的游客对单位时间价值敏感程度不同，研究旅游巴士定价问题。针对小汽车与旅游巴士2种出行方式的竞争旅游交通系统，在假设不同年龄阶段游客的单位时间价值随年龄呈不同的线性关系下，结合出行成本，构建旅游巴士公司的收益模型，讨论3类游客不同比例及单位时间价值系数的变化对定价和收益的影响。结果表明，当成年型游客比例和单位时间价值系数增大时，旅游巴士公司的最优定价及最优收益呈下降的趋势；可根据客流情况对票价进行合理调整，同时可通过降低游客出行时间成本来吸引更多游客，以期得到更好的收益。

关键词: 旅游交通, 定价, 不同年龄阶段, 单位时间价值

Abstract: Considering that the sensitivity of unit time value varies with the age of tourists, the pricing of tourist buses is studied. Aiming at a competitive tourist transportation system with cars and tourist buses, combined with the travel cost, the revenue model of tourist bus company is established in the assumption that the unit time value of tourists at different age stages has different linear relation with age. The impact of different proportion of tourists and the change of value coefficient per unit time on pricing and revenue is discussed. The study shows that when the proportion of adult tourists and the unit time value coefficient are increased, the optimal pricing and optimal revenue show a downward trend. Ticket prices can be adjusted reasonably according to the characteristics of passenger flow in different seasons. And more tourists can be attracted by reducing the cost of travel time in order to get better benefits.

Key words: tourist transportation, pricing, different age stages, unit time value

中图分类号:

U491

李妍峰, 龚桂琳. 基于用户异质性的旅游巴士定价研究[J]. 工业工程, 2020, 23(4): 69-74,130.

LI Yanfeng, GONG Guilin. A Study of Tourist Bus Pricing Based on User Heterogeneity[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2020, 23(4): 69-74,130.

参考文献

[1] DEB K, FILIPPINI M. Estimating welfare changes from efficient pricing in public bus transit in India[J]. Transport Policy, 2011, 18(1): 23-31
[2] ANAS A. The optimal pricing, finance and supply of urban transportation in general equilibrium: a theoretical exposition[J]. Economics of Transportation, 2012, 1(1): 64-76
[3] 曾科, 李娟, 肖鹏. 基于拉姆塞模型快速公交的定价研究[J]. 综合运输, 2016, 38(3): 57-61
ZENG Ke, LI Juan, XIAO Peng. Study on the BRT pricing based on the Ramsey model[J]. China Transportation Review, 2016, 38(3): 57-61
[4] 张春勤, 陆维特. 改进Ramsey模型的城市公共交通分时段定价方法研究[J]. 浙江理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2017, 38(6): 491-496
ZHANG Chunqin, LU Weite. Research on the time-based pricing of urban public transport based on improved Ramsey model[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (Social Sciences), 2017, 38(6): 491-496
[5] KRAUS M, YOSHIDIA Y. The commuter's time-of-use decision and optimal pricing and service in urban mass transit[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2002, 51(1): 170-195
[6] 仝允桓. 城市快速交通线项目的最优票价与政府补偿[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2001, 21(4): 88-91
TONG Yunhuan. Optimal fare-pricing for urban rapid-transport line project and government compensation[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice, 2001, 21(4): 88-91
[7] 周晶, 徐晏. 公共交通网络系统的广义Nash 经营博弈模型[J]. 系统工程学报, 2001, 16(4): 261-267
ZHOU Jing, XU Yan. Generalized Nash managing game model for transit network[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2001, 16(4): 261-267
[8] THAKURIAH P, PERSKY J, SOOT S, et al. Costs and benefits of employment transportation for low-wage workers: an assessment of job access public transportation services[J]. Evaluation and Program Planning, 2013, 37: 31-42
[9] 王灿灿, 贾俊芳. 基于价格歧视的高速铁路客票动态定价方案研究[J]. 铁道运输与经济, 2016, 38(11): 6-11
WANG Cancan, JIA Junfang. Study on dynamic pricing of high-speed railway passenger ticket based on price discrimination[J]. Railway Transport and Economy, 2016, 38(11): 6-11
[10] ZHANG X Q, MA L, ZHANG J. Dynamic pricing for passenger groups of high-speed rail transportation[J]. Journal of Rail Transport Plannning & Management, 2017, 6(4): 346-356
[11] 王昕, 黄海军. 基于非线性时间价值的多用户出行均衡与系统最优[J]. 系统管理学报, 2012, 21(6): 819-824
WANG Xin, HUANG Haijun. Multi-class user equilibrium and system optimum with nonlinear value of time[J]. Journal of Systems & Management, 2012, 21(6): 819-824
[12] 胡盼, 杨晓光. 基于广义出行成本的出行方案优化[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2017, 37(4): 982-989
HU Pan, YANG Xiaoguang. Trip scheme optimization based on generalized trip cost[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice, 2017, 37(4): 982-989
[13] 永贵, 黄海军. 竞争交通系统中异质性用户的出行方式选择[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2016, 36(9): 2320-2327
YONG Gui, HUANG Haijun. Model spilt in a competitive system of transit and highway with heterogeneous users[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice, 2016, 36(9): 2320-2327
[14] CLARK A, SUMALEE A, SEPHERD S, et al. On the existence and uniqueness of first best tolls in networks with multiple user classes and elastic demand[J]. Transportmetrica, 2009, 5(2): 141-157
[15] VAN DEN BERG V A C, VERHOEF E T. Congestion pricing in a road and rail network with heterogeneous valus of time and schedule delay[J]. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2014, 10(5): 377-400
[16] 张梅梅, 贺玉龙, 冯丙丙. 北京市旅游交通方式选择行为研究[J]. 交通运输研究, 2017, 3(2): 31-37
ZHANG Meimei, HE Yulong, FENG Bingbing. Choice of tourism traffic mode in Beijing[J]. Transportation Research, 2017, 3(2): 31-37
[17] 马丽君, 何镜如, 王哲. 我国城镇人口年龄结构变化对城镇旅游发展的影响[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34(10): 158-163
MA Lijun, HE Jingru, WANG Zhe. Effects of changes in the age structure of urban population in China on the development of tourism[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(10): 158-163
[18] SCHMOCKER J D, QUDDUS M A, NOLAND R B, et al. Estimating trip generation of elderly and disabled people: analysis of London data[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2005, 1924(1): 9-18
[19] VINCENT C, DE LOS SANTOS G. Winter texans: two segments of the senior travel market[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1990, 29(1): 9-12
[20] SEDGLEY D, PRITCHARD A, MORGAN N. Tourism and ageing: a transformative research agenda[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011, 38(2): 422-436
[21] 钟章奇, 李山, 张秀云, 等. 旅游者中位年龄的几个市场指示意义[J]. 旅游学刊, 2013, 28(7): 73-80
ZHONG Zhangqi, LI Shan, ZANG Xiuyun, et al. Several implications of tourist median age in the tourism market[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2013, 28(7): 73-80