“公司+农户”模式下农产品精准施肥策略与合作机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨 “公司+农户”农产品供应链中的施肥策略选择与生产成本优化问题，分别构建基于精准施肥技术实施的公司和农户供应链决策模型，比较了两类分散决策和集中决策下的供应链绩效，并通过仿真分析参数灵敏度影响以及契约可行性。研究表明，精准施肥能够降低生产成本，合理的施肥策略可提高双方经济效益；在分散式决策情形下，公司承担精准施肥成本模式 (R) 的经济效益低于农户承担模式 (F)，后者更能发挥精准施肥的“降本增效”作用；通过采用“利润共享−成本分担” (TR) 和“二部制” (TF) 契约，分别实现了公司模式和农户模式供应链的协调。在协调后，农户的生产成本降低，供应链各主体的利润得以改善。

关键词: 契约农业, 精准施肥策略, 合作机制, 供应链协调

Abstract: To explore the optimization of fertilization strategy selection and production cost in a "company+farmer" agricultural supply chain, decision models for companies and farmers based on the implementation of precision fertilization technology are established. The performance of supply chains under two types of decentralized and centralized decision-making is compared, while the impact of parameter sensitivity and the feasibility of contracts are analyzed through simulation. Results show that precision fertilization can reduce production cost, and rational fertilization strategies can improve the economic benefits for both parties. With decentralized decision-making, the economic benefits of the company-borne precision fertilization cost model (R) are lower than the farmer-borne model (F), for the latter can better produce the cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects of precision fertilization. By adopting "profit-sharing-cost-sharing" (TR) and "two-part tariff" (TF) contracts, the coordination of the company model and farmer model supply chains is achieved, respectively. After coordination, the production cost of farmers decreases, and the profits of the supply chain stakeholders are improved.

Key words: contract farming, precise fertilization strategy, cooperation mechanism, supply chain coordination

中图分类号:

F224.32

丁雪峰, 吴宇. “公司+农户”模式下农产品精准施肥策略与合作机制[J]. 工业工程, 2023, 26(6): 66-74.

DING Xuefeng, WU Yu. A Precision Fertilization Strategy and Cooperation Mechanism of Agricultural Products under the Mode of "Company + Farmer"[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2023, 26(6): 66-74.

参考文献

[1] 陈桂芬, 马丽, 陈航. 精准施肥技术的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2013, 35(3): 253-259
CHEN Guifen, MA Li, CHEN Hang. Research status and development trend of precision[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2013, 35(3): 253-259
[2] 白由路. 高效施肥技术研究的现状与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(11): 2116-2125
BAI Youlu. The situation and prospect of research on efficient fertilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11): 2116-2125
[3] DONG Y, FU Z, PENG Y, et al. Precision fertilization method of field crops based on the wavelet-BP neural network in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 246: 118735.1-118735.13
[4] 李红, 汤攀, 陈超, 等. 中国水肥一体化施肥设备研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2021, 39(2): 200-209
LI Hong, TANG Pan, CHEN Chao, et al. Research status and development trend of fertilization equipment used in fertigation in China[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2021, 39(2): 200-209
[5] FAN J, LU X, GU S, et al. Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies using water-drip irrigation and fertilization technology in Northeast China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 241(1): 106352
[6] ZAINOL M A, ABAS Z, ARIFFIN A S. Performance of freshwater fish contract farming in Malaysia innovative supply chain integration outlook[J]. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2019, 8(2): 999-1003
[7] 高阔, 甘筱青. “公司+农户”模式: 一个文献综述 (1986-2011)[J]. 经济问题探索, 2012, 355(2): 109-115
GAO Kuo, GAN Xiaoqing. "Company + farmer" mode: a literature review (1986-2011)[J]. Inquiry into Economic Issues, 2012, 355(2): 109-115
[8] HUO B, ZHAO X, LAI F. Supply chain quality integration: antecedents and consequences[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2014, 61(1): 38-51
[9] 韩洪云, 杨增旭. 农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为研究——基于山东省枣庄市薛城区农户调研数据[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(23): 4962-4970
HAN Hongyun, YANG Zengxu. Analysis on farmers' adoptive behavior of soil testing for formulated fertilization: empirical evidence from the Xuecheng district of Zaozhuang city in Shandong Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(23): 4962-4970
[10] 张复宏, 宋晓丽, 霍明. 果农对过量施肥的认知与测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响因素分析——基于山东省9个县 (区、市) 苹果种植户的调查[J]. 中国农村观察, 2017(3): 117-130
ZHANG Fuhong, SONG Xiaoli, HUO Ming. Excess fertilizer application and growers' adoption behavior for soil testing for fertilizer formulation and their determinants: an empirical analysis based on survey data from apple growers in 9 counties of Shandong Province[J]. China Rural Survey, 2017(3): 117-130
[11] ZHONG Z, JIA F, LONG W, et al. Risk sharing, benefit distribution and cooperation longevity: sustainable development of dairy farmer cooperatives in China[J]. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2022, 20(5): 982-997
[12] 刘墨林, 但斌, 马崧萱. 考虑保鲜努力与增值服务的生鲜电商供应链最优决策与协调[J]. 中国管理科学, 2020, 28(8): 76-88
LIU Molin, DAN Bin, MA Songxuan. Optimal strategies and coordination of fresh e-commerce supply chain considering freshness-keeping effort and value-added service[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2020, 28(8): 76-88
[13] 毛敏, 贾乐林, 鲍震天. “公司+合作社+农户”型供应链竞争与结构研究[J]. 系统科学学报, 2022, 30(2): 59-64
MAO Min, JIA Lelin, BAO Zhentian. Research on the competition and structure of "Company & Farmer" supply chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Systems Science, 2022, 30(2): 59-64
[14] 但斌, 马崧萱, 刘墨林, 等. 考虑3PL保鲜努力的生鲜农产品供应链信息共享研究[J/OL]. 中国管理科学, (2023-03-09). http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.g3.20220304.1735.002.html.
DAN Bin, MA Songxuan, LIU Molin, et al. Information sharing in the fresh produce supply chain with 3PL's fresh-keeping effort[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, (2023-03-09). http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.g3.20220304.1735.002.html.
[15] 刘鲁浩, 谢家平, 梁玲, 等. 基于品种和土地改良的“社会企业+农户”契约农业合作机制及定价决策研究[J]. 管理评论, 2021, 33(8): 29-40
LIU Luhao, XIE Jiaping, LIANG Ling, et al. Cooperation mechanisms and pricing decision for“Social Enterprise + Farmers” contract mode based on variety and land improvement[J]. Management Review, 2021, 33(8): 29-40
[16] SAVASKAN R C, BHATTACHARYA S, VAN WASSENHOVE L N. Closed-Loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing[J]. Management Science, 2004, 50(2): 239-252