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28 February 2014, Volume 17 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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practice & application

Modeling and Analysis of Risk of Flight Crew Error Gao Yang，Gong Yi min 2014, 17 (1):  1-6.  Abstract ( 1857 )   Save Flight crew human error significantly affects the reliability and safety, and is the primary factor that results in accidents/events in aviation industry. A new method of flight crew error analysis (Flight CrewHuman Error Criticality Analysis, FHECA) is developed. It can be used to estimate the human error occurring in cockpit, decrease the error effects of these unexpected behaviors during the flight operational process, and provide valuable means to enhance human reliability and system safety for flight task. Although the existing HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) is able to calculate the probable occurrence of human errors, it fails to identify the potentially critical problems caused by human errors in cockpit. Human error criticality is constructed as the principle for assessment in the proposed method. In evaluating the flight crew error criticality, three independent variables are used. They are the probability of human error, the severity of human error consequence, and the probability of human error effect. The FHECA is integrated with grey synthetic evaluation to solve the problem of nonlinear factor that makes practical application difficult. Then, the classification and framework of flight crew error are technically established for assessing the criticality of error in accident case, which can be used as a prototype to support our approach. The method can be used to analyze the error of flight crew and assess the criticality of error. It also can be used to predict and prevent the flight crew error. Besides, it is beneficial for identifying the important and latent reason in designing standard operation procedure (SOP) when sufficient accidents/events are provided and for flight training and flight operation manual. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Correlation of Air Traffic Control Safety Risks- Based on Cross-spectrum Analysis Luo Fan, Yang Zhi, Liu Xiao ping 2014, 17 (1):  7-11.  Abstract ( 1241 )   Save According to the features of air traffic control (ATC) safety risk factors, the events of airground communication failure in the airport are chosen as the sample data. Taking the advantage of crossspectrum analysis in the aspect of time series, the contribution, leadlag relationship and correlation of ATC safety risk factors are analyzed. The results show that the influence of process deviation to ATC unsafe events is 49%. The influence of equipment failures and external interference, respectively 18% and 4.8%, has synchronization effect. Therefore, aiming at the decisions of communication unsafe events for precontrol strategies, process management of communication program execution should be strengthened, pertinent resources be allocated reasonably, and the shift arrangement plan optimized so as to prevent from communication unsafe events and accidents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on the Airport Gate Real-time Allocation Model in Considering Irregular Operations Le Mei long, Tan Cai mao 2014, 17 (1):  12-16.  Abstract ( 1514 )   Save In response to airport gate assignment problem in considering irregular operations of airport and flights, a mixed integer programming model is built. Aircraft waiting time is introduced in order to adapt to the actual operation condition. By using ILOG CPLEX optimizing software, flight delay and gate fault situation are simulated as an example. A solution is found in 5 seconds with 2.1 GHz CPU, RAM, 2.0 GHz configuration. From the gate assignment plan, compared with regular operation, the total passenger walking distance is increased by 130 meters only when a gate fault occurs, and it remains unchanged when flights are delayed. With the effectiveness in solving the airport gate assignment problem in irregular situation, the model is significant in practical applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Relationship between Training Methods of Tower Crane Drivers and Task Complexity Qin Hua, Feng Xin xin, Meng Xian yi 2014, 17 (1):  17-22.  Abstract ( 1252 )   Save To explore the influence from different methods of training tower crane drivers in operation performance, and the relationship between the task complexity and different training methods, an experiment with twofactor and threelevel performance on platform of tower crane virtual simulation is designed, in which the two factors are training methods and task complexity. The results indicate that 1) different training methods will result in significantly different performances; and 2) different training methods should be adopted for different task complexities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Comparison Study on Operation Room Scheduling Rules by Using Goal Programming Liu Zi xian, Wang Ping 2014, 17 (1):  23-29.  Abstract ( 1521 )   Save Operation room is an important medical service department in hospital, and its operations have an important influence on medical service quality. In order to decrease the overwork and balance the workload, the operation room scheduling rules are selected as the research objects and an operation room scheduling model is built with the help of the goal programming. With the catheter rooms data from a cardiovascular hospital in Tianjin and Simio software for system simulation, the normal operating room scheduling rules are compared and analyzed. Results show that the shortest queue method can balance operation room work time, shorten overtime, and improve staff satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Application of Dimensional Information Sharing Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Production Scheduling Wen Hai jun1,2, Hou Shi wang2 2014, 17 (1):  30-36.  Abstract ( 1474 )   Save In order to improve the performance of shop scheduling algorithm, a dimensional information sharingbased particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for workshop scheduling problem is proposed. The cognitive process and update process of particle swarm are studied. By introducing the concept of dimensional information sharing and dynamically cognizing, dimensional information of optimization problem can be communicated and exchanged. The power of adapting to optimization problem of PSO is increased through adding disturbance factor to overcome premature convergence of the algorithm. Finally, the best mean value and the standard deviation are obtained through test of three continuous function optimization problems. The simulation results of fourteen standard test cases for JSP show that the algorithm is better than several other algorithms both in terms of solution quality and convergence speed. The results illustrate that the algorithm can solve the workshop scheduling problem with high efficiency and quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-objective Optimization Model and Algorithm on Overtime Scheduling in Project Li Ming1,2, Xu Zhe1, Liao Ting ting1 2014, 17 (1):  37-43.  Abstract ( 1825 )   Save To minimize the negative impact of overtime working, a new multiobjective optimization model is put forward and the corresponding solution algorithm is proposed. First, a feasible overtime work set is generated for each activity in the initialization stage. Then, the project duration, human resource cost, and total overtime hours of each scheduling plan are calculated by using the scheduling module. Finally, with a multiobjective genetic algorithm module, a Pareto multiobjective solution set is obtained. In addition, this algorithm is used in a case study, and the results show that the model is good in practicability, and can provide decision support for project managers on overtime scheduling. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Order Acceptance Based on Lot-spliting Strategy in No-wait Flow Shop Xu Shao-yun1,2, Li Tie-ke 1,2, Wang Bai lin 1,2, Wang Lei 1,2 2014, 17 (1):  44-49.  Abstract ( 1554 )   Save An integer programming model is constructed for the order acceptance problem with lotspliting in nowait flow shop. With the NPhard nature for the problem, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed to solve the model. Unlike the standard GA algorithm, based on the basic NEH algorithm, the modified NEH algorithm, and stochastic method, the IGA presents an efficient initialization scheme to construct the initial population. In addition, tabu search for generating neighboring solution is embedded in the IGA to avoid a local optimum. Numerical results indicate the efficiency of lotsplitting in shortening the completion time of orders, which contributes to minimizing order tardiness. Compared with traditional genetic algorithm, the proposed approach yields significant improvement in solution quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study on Distributed Collaborative Model of Model Development Based on Logistics Li Sui-ke, Bai Si-jun, Guo Yun-tao, Wang Xu-bo 2014, 17 (1):  50-54.  Abstract ( 1332 )   Save A logistics model in the ecological species is introduced to analyze the collaborative structure of aviation model development and the stability condition. An aeronautic research collaborative structure is designed, and two collaborative logistics models of the model development are built as “O-A” and “A-A”. The stability conditions of the two models are derived and policy implications are analyzed. Dynamic evolution of the collaborative model is presented by numerical simulation. Results show that the stability of model development collaborative model is closely related to research unit in collaboration with status, intrinsic growth rate, initial size, and the maximum amount of output. Collaborative units involved in product development are required to employ different strategies to ensure stability in the collaborative model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Contingency Model of Manufacturing Strategy Based on Advanced Manufacturing Paradigms：an Empirical Study Wang Jian1, Nicholas Makayi1, Cao De-bi2, Shao Guo-qing1, Qu Peng1, Liu Hui-xia1 2014, 17 (1):  55-59.  Abstract ( 1356 )   Save In a turbulent environment, the traditional approaches to manufacturing strategy formation are facing challenges. A new idea is proposed to integrate the two traditional approaches, i.e., the manufacturing paradigms and contingency strategy. To do so, a questionnaire on manufacturing organization is developed based on the review of manufacturing paradigms and 98 Chinese manufacturing firms. With a factor analysis, six types of manufacturing organizations are identified. These common factors provide the choices for the manufacturing objectives in the contingency model. Based on the results of factor analysis, an integrated model for manufacturing strategy formation in the turbulent environment is proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Incentive Mechanism of Household Garbage -Sorting Based on Static Transfer-Payment Contract Cao Jun1,2，Xiong Zhong-kai2 2014, 17 (1):  60-65.  Abstract ( 1593 )   Save The garbage sorting level has a direct effect on the cost and effectiveness of subsequent processing for a waste treatment enterprise. In order to promote residents to increase the level of residents- pre-sorting, based on the static transfer-payment-contract, the supply chain coordination between a single waste disposal companies and a number of residents is studied. The results show that a static transfer-payment-contract can achieve supply chain coordination.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Credit Evaluation of Certified Constructors -Based on Fuzzy Matter-element Yuan Hong-xian1,2, Wang Xue-qing1 2014, 17 (1):  66-71.  Abstract ( 1255 )   Save Discreditable behaviors of constructors are quite common in China's construction market. In order to solve this problem, a process evaluation index system is put forward to measure credit level of constructors by stages, with the help of literature review and questionnaire survey, and based on the analysis of constructors characteristics of practice process. A process evaluation model of constructors- credit is established by utilizing the fuzzy matter-element analysis. From the perspective of process evaluation, the credit evaluation system is conducive for tracking and controlling the practice behavior of constructors in the whole process. It provides a theoretical basis and practical support for implementing the external shortterm regulation of constructors- credit at the project level for the contractors and project owners. References | Related Articles | Metrics

On the Risk Evaluation of Hazardous Material Transportation in a Group Decision Environment Lü Yuan-juan, Che A-da 2014, 17 (1):  72-79.  Abstract ( 1434 )   Save In order to reasonably determine the risk level of different transport plans and support manufacturers-transport decision, a set of hazmat transportation risk evaluation index system is constructed and a risk evaluation method is proposed in a group decision environment. Fuzzy linguistic terms are introduced to represent experts judgment information. The degree of consistency of experts- judgment information is used to modify the experts weights. A comprehensive assigning weight method is used to determine the weights of the evaluation index system. Furthermore, the lattice degree of approaching is adopted to calculate the risk result. The proposed method can greatly reduce the complexity of the risk assessment. Finally, using an example from some dangerous goods transport, the method is shown to be effective and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Method to Improve On-Time Delivery Rate Based on Safety Stock Strategy Jiang Ai-ping, Gao Jun-jun 2014, 17 (1):  80-86.  Abstract ( 1514 )   Save To meet the requirements of clients, dealers producing non-core parts of computers frequently depend on vast inventories or overtime production, which has presented a problem from potential uncertainties in the supply chains of computer production. Furthermore, the on-time delivery rate (ODR) inevitably ascends when the dealers for non-core parts are out of stock. To decrease uncertainties of the supply chain for computers parts production, an innovative method is proposed to improve on-time delivery rate, based on the safety stock (SS) strategy. Firstly, with the consideration of imaginable certainties and uncertainties, the demand of new computers is calculated for the optimal safety stock factor by means of mathematical deduction. Then, the quantity of safety stock is available with the safety stock factor and the demand for computers. If the demand for computers is lower than the quantity of safety stock, the demand can be immediately met, or additional parts of computers should be produced by the suppliers before the delivery. Eventually, an annual average stock formula is demonstrated considering the uncertainty in demand estimation. In an empirical analysis, comparing with MTO (make-to-order) method, the new method can increase stock turnover velocity five or six  times higher than in the past. Additionally, the unit inventory carrying cost will reduce by 14% and the on-time delivery rate  increase by approximately 80%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on a GIS-Based Location Planning for “Fitness Circle” Facilities of Community Sport Gu Xiao-fei, Li Nan，Lu Hui-ling 2014, 17 (1):  87-90.  Abstract ( 1370 )   Save The construction of “fitness circle” of community sports is a government project. Its public property, continuous distribution of demand and none-identified candidate set of facility location make it different from other facility location. Based on principles of fairness and efficiency, an improved LSCP model is established to acquire the minimal quantity and location of facilities, which can fully cover the community residents demand. By applying GIS technology, not only is the continuous demand scattered so as to extract the discrete demand points, the candidate set of facility location is also identified by the buffer of demand points. Finally, a network of facility location is built, and the LSCP model solved by GIS. After taking Wuxi city for example, the location result is obtained via text and two-dimension map format, which is significant for the implement of National Fitness Program as well as the construction of “fitness circle” of community sports. References | Related Articles | Metrics

articles

A Research on Coordination of Regional Economy and Logistics in Guangdong Province Wang Ai-hu, Fang Xing-chao, Guo Jia 2014, 17 (1):  91-98.  Abstract ( 1356 )   Save As the national goods distribution center, and international manufacturing and trade center, Guangdong province relies heavily on logistics industry which is pivotal to economic development, transition, and upgrading. From the perspective of logistics industry size, growth performance, and development potential, the degree of coordination of regional logistics industry and economic development of 21 cities in Guangdong Province in the eleventh five-year planning period is empirically analyzed. Then, the primary and secondary economic associating factors are identified. A GM(1, N) model is proposed to evaluate the coordination of regional economy and logistics. Results obtained could be taken as references to facilitate the decision making for the scientific planning of regional logistics system, and used to guide the coordination strengthening of regional logistics and economy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimal Design of Non-food Bioenergy Supply Chain——Taking Liaoning Area as the Subject Gao Cong, Yang Jie, Guan Zhi-min, Zheng Jia-tao, Shi Xiao-chen 2014, 17 (1):  99-104.  Abstract ( 1438 )   Save The development and utilization of biomass energy can ease the tension of energy. For the lean development of bioenergy, it is necessary to study the optimal design of bioenergy supply chain. In considering the raw material production constraints, refinery capacity constraints, and demand satisfaction constraints, a mixed integer programming model is established to minimize the total cost of the bioenergy supply chain. It is solved by CPLEX and the refinery location, the scale of refinery, and annual production of refinery are obtained. In addition, supply relationship and distribution quality among raw material suppler, refinery and demand are determined. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated through a numerical case study based on data of Liaoning Province. The production cost of refineries accounts for the largest proportion, about 59% of the total cost, and the transportation cost for the smallest, about 8%. The performance of the model with various prices and demands is discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Emission Reduction Decisions in Supply Chain with- Low-carbon Policy Considered Zhao Dao-zhi, Wang Chu-ge 2014, 17 (1):  105-111.  Abstract ( 1275 )   Save Under low-carbon policy, the emission reduction decision of supply chain is studied. The manufacturer-dominant situation is discussed by using Stackelberg game, and a new production optimization model for a two-level supply chain composed of a supplier and a manufacturer is built. The optimal yield and emission reduction per product are obtained through the converse solution method. With numerical simulation, the application of the model is illustrated. It is shown that the optimal emission reduction decision of an enterprise is to make its marginal emission reduction cost similar to the marginal cost of the corresponding emission rights in the market. The emission reduction of one side in a supply chain can promote the other. Thus, the enterprises have the motivation to cooperate in emission reduction. Research and development can be an origin of force. Additionally, it turns out that, in terms of sensitivity of coefficient, optimal yield is the same with emission reduction per product. Increasing publicity effort to improve low-carbon environmental awareness of customers is a key to ensure healthy growth of low-carbon economy and corporate profit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Comparative Analysis of Emission Reduction through Technology- Innovation of Manufacturers under Low Carbon Demand Constraints Liang Xi 2014, 17 (1):  112-119.  Abstract ( 1246 )   Save In view of a secondary supply chain system composed of one manufacturer and one retailer, a judgment model is built to analyze how the prevailing manufacturer can carry out emission reduction through technology innovation under low carbon demand constraints. By introducing the parameter of technical innovation level, Stackelberg Game theory is used to analyze the impacts of the manufacturer decisions with or without technology innovation on the prices and profits of the manufacturer and the retailer. The results show that the prices and profits of the manufacturer and the retailer are higher with the manufacturer's technology innovation only than without technology innovation under certain conditions. The joint innovation of the manufacturer and the retailer is not always the dominant strategy, the effect of which is constrained by the distribution costs of the retailer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Managerial Incentive and Optimal Technology Licensing of- Firm in Considering Carbon Tax Ma Hu-jie1, Shi Kui-ran2 2014, 17 (1):  120-125.  Abstract ( 1330 )   Save With the carbon tax and managerial incentive being imposed, the optimal selection problem of transfer of low carbon technology is discussed. It assumes that, in a duopoly market under managerial incentive with regard to the carbon tax, one of the firms has a lowcarbon technology. Based on Cournot competition model and bargaining model, fixed-fee licensing and royalty licensing are studied by using game theory. It shows that, if the innovation is drastic, the firm does not want to license its low carbon technology. If the innovation is nondrastic, whether the firm is willing to license its technology or not depends on how drastic the innovation is. Royalty licensing is always better than fixed-fee licensing for the innovative firm. There is a managerial incentive that affects the amount of the royalty. Further, different technology licensing influences the firm's equilibrium managerial incentive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimal Product Pricing and Return Strategy in Competitive E-business Retail Ren Hong-mei, Wu Qing-lie 2014, 17 (1):  126-130.  Abstract ( 1221 )   Save The new trends of product pricing and return policy of reverse logistics are addressed in this paper. The profit model of retail under competition is built. Then, with the model, optimal product pricing and return policy are obtained. The influence of competition on the optimal pricing is also analyzed. The rationality and effectiveness of the model are verified by using an example. By the proposed model, it offers a theoretical basis for the pricing decision in e-business retail. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Dynamic Simulation of Production-Distribution System with Price-dependent Demands Lai Xin-feng1,2, Chen Zhi-xiang2 2014, 17 (1):  131-136.  Abstract ( 1365 )   Save The impact of price-dependent demands on the production-distribution inventory system is studied. Three demand functions with price are applied: down trend linear function, nonlinear power function, and nonlinear exponential demand function. By using a SD (System Dynamics) simulation method, the bullwhip effects of three demand functions are compared. The results show that when the demand is a down trend linear function of price, the bullwhip effect is the largest, and the other two demand functions have the similar bullwhip effects. With the results obtained, it is beneficial for improving production and distribution strategies and upgrading the competition ability in the marketplace.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

Analysis of Chain-to-Chain Competition under Supply Disruption and Stochastic Demands He Bo，Zheng Zhi-xin 2014, 17 (1):  137-143.  Abstract ( 1498 )   Save Supply disruption is one of the major problems faced by supply chain. The competition issue between two supply chains composed of one supplier and one retailer is addressed. The effect of supply disruption and stochastic demands on supply chain competition is discussed. The optimal order quantity and contract parameters under the cases of coordinated competition, hybrid competition, and uncoordinated competition are also analyzed. Only when revenue sharing coefficient is in a certain range, could the supply chain be coordinated. By a numerical analysis, the influence of various parameters on the optimal order quantity is estimated and management implications are derived. References | Related Articles | Metrics

articles

Worker Assignment in MOS in Considering Learning Effect Yu Xiu-li1,2, Zhang Bi-xi1, Li Yi-fan3, Li Hong3 2014, 17 (1):  144-150.  Abstract ( 1509 )   Save Manual operation system (MOS) is the general production system mode in the small and medium-size manufacturing enterprises. In MOS, workers are the key factors that determine the production effectiveness. Worker assignment problem is studied to reduce the influence of skills difference and change on production schedule. Assignment optimization models are proposed in considering workers learning effect with completion time as the objective function. The proposed model is verified by a numerical example. The influence of learning effect and workers heterogeneity on completion date and assignment strategy is compared. The results show that the workers- learning effect has a significant impact on the completion date and assignment strategy. The attention to workers- heterogeneity helps to narrow the gap between the theory and production practice. Two practical assignment models-assignment based on initial skills and assignment based on learning effectare compared. Results show that the established optimization model helps to shorten the completion date and optimize worker's assignment. The influence of production batch on different assignment strategy is analyzed. The results show that there is a turning point of assignment strategy x*, when production batch x<x*, assignment strategy based on initial skills is optimal; while production batch x>x*, assignment strategy based on learning effect is optimal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Empirical Study on R&D Productivity and Convergence of  Large and Medium-sized Industrial Enterprises in China Fu Dong-ping1, Zhong Cheng-lin1, Chao Wen-2 2014, 17 (1):  151-157.  Abstract ( 1640 )   Save To conduct this study, data are collected from large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in 30 provinces of China during years from 2006 to 2011. With the data obtained, effectiveness of enterprises is analyzed by using Malmquist method. Also, convergence of the R&D productivity is analyzed by using Barro's analysis  structure. The research shows that, general speaking, the R&D productivity of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises of China advances sharply and the acceleration of R&D productivity is dually driven by a“catch up effect” and a “moving forward effect”．The enterprises in central provinces have the fastest growth in R&D productivity，the eastern provinces rank second，while the western provinces the lowest．The econometric regression result indicates that there is a significant convergence in the R&D productivity on the whole. The enterprises in the eastern provinces converge the fastest, while there is no evident convergence in central provinces．At last, it is suggested that the enterprises in the western provinces should make efforts to advance the R&D efficiency to narrow down the big economic development gap between eastern and western provinces. References | Related Articles | Metrics