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31 October 2015, Volume 18 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Research on Measurement System Capability Evaluation Based on Scoring Rule Shi Liang-xing, Ma Hong-ye, He Zhen 2015, 18 (5):  1-06.  Abstract ( 1274 )   Save  The existing measurement system capability evaluation methods are established on the basis of the normality assumption. However, when the measurement system error distributes non-normally, they are not appropriate. A CRPS based method is proposed. To illustrate it, examples are given. They show that when the measurement system error distributes normally, the evaluation results given by CRPS and the traditional evaluation indicators are consistent. Meanwhile, CRPS can effectively implement the measurement system capability evaluation of non-normal measurement system error. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A New Perspective for Improving Product Quality in Process Based on Dynamic Game Theory Zhang Yue-yi，Chen Tai-yi，Song Ming-shun 2015, 18 (5):  7-13.  Abstract ( 2919 )   Save Workers are key factors that affect product quality in process. Because of the asymmetric information between enterprise owners and their workers, with postverification feature of quality and not-easy-to-monitor process details, workers tend to focus on quantity and selectively ignore quality. Based on the asymmetric information theory, a principalagent model of product quality in process between enterprise owners and their workers is established and discussed from the perspective of economics and the effective ways to motivate workers in quality improvement, and finally several suggestions are given on how to promote the model's using in practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimal Periodic Preventive Maintenance Policy for  Used Equipment under Lease Dong Ke1,2， Lv Wen-yuan1 2015, 18 (5):  14-19.  Abstract ( 1161 )   Save  For the lease of the used equipment with certain past age, a periodic preventive maintenance strategy is presented in this research. Several factors that influence the cost of maintenance, including the equipment's age, preventive maintenance, minimal repair and punishment mechanism, are considered. Under this maintenance scheme, a mathematical model based on the expected total cost of the lessor is established, and the optimal maintenance policies are derived such that the expected total cost is minimized. Finally, in a case study, the numerical example shows that the method is effective and easy to operate in practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Impact of Government Regulations on CLSC Decisions for Electrical and Electronic Equipments  Hu Shu1, Ma Zu-jun2, Dai Ying2 2015, 18 (5):  20-26.  Abstract ( 1267 )   Save To investigate the impact of government regulations on closed-loop supply chain decisions for electrical and electronic equipments with different collection channels, three closedloop supply chain decision models with the manufacturer, the retailer, or third party collecting waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) were developed respectively with or without government regulations. Based on game analysis method, optimal government regulation policy tools, operation strategies and profits of CLSC members and social welfare are obtained. By comparing the optimal strategies and profits of CLSC members with or without government regulations, it is found that whether with government regulations or not, the manufacturer collecting WEEE is the best for itself as long as the unit collection cost of manufacturer is not much high, or else the manufacturer should outsource the collection work to the retailer. In addition, both the retailer and the thirdparty want to collect WEEE. Finally, under government regulations, the retailer collecting WEEE is the best for the whole society. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution Channel Models of Green Supply Chain Based on Government Financial Intervention Zhang Yan-li1, Hu Xiao-jian1, Yang Hai-hong1,2 2015, 18 (5):  27-33.  Abstract ( 1035 )   Save Based on the game theory, the distribution channel models of green supply chain based on government financial intervention are addressed. Manufacturer as a market leader, the two decision models of green supply chain which contain single distribution channel and hybrid distribution channel are built. By analyzing the models built, each member is given the optimal green degree, wholesale price contract and profits. The decision shows that government financial intervention can motivate supply chain member carrying out green product research and development work. And it is found that the supply chain can get more benefits under hybrid distribution channel. At last, an example proves the conclusion． References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pricing and Coordination of Closedloop Supply Chain Based on Environmental Performance Lu Rong-hua1,2, Li Nan1 2015, 18 (5):  34-39.  Abstract ( 2851 )   Save The pricing and coordination strategies of centralized and decentralized closed-loop supply chain are studied from the perspectives of profit maximizing and environment performance maximizing. The result shows that environment performance gets bad as the profit baseline improves; that the relationship between the retailer price and the unit return price is the same from the two perspectives; that the supply chain which aims to get higher environment performance indeed can get higher environment performance, but based on profit reduction which can be accepted by itself; and that the same revenue sharing contract with different parameters can coordinate the two types of supply chains. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prevention Mechanism Design on Retailer Collusion in a Closed-loop Supply Chain with Direct Recycling Channel Yang Qian-xia, Han Xiao-hua 2015, 18 (5):  40-46.  Abstract ( 1096 )   Save The mechanism preventing retailer collusion in a one-manufacturer-two-competing-retailers closed-loop supply chain is studied. The result indicates that retailer collusion, while increasing their own profits, decreases profits of closedloop supply chain system and manufacturers and raise the sales price, thus harming the interests of customers. Prevention mechanism can reduce the profit loss of manufacturers caused by the retailer collusion, but it cannot achieve the profit level in the absence of retailer collusion. Prevention mechanism can reduce the profit loss of manufacturers brought by the retailer collusion, but it cannot achieve the profit level in the absence of retailer collusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Advertising Coordination Mechanism of Closed-loop Supply Chain Tan Jian1，Wang Xian-jia2 2015, 18 (5):  47-55.  Abstract ( 1077 )   Save In order to study price decision and advertising coordinate strategy, the closed-loop supply chains are divided into two cases including the retailer recycling and manufacturer recycling. With the impact of advertising for market demand and recycling, by using the game theory, two mathematical models are established. The results show that the manufacture recycling mode is conducive to the retailer, and retailer recycling mode helps the manufacturer. Compared with retailer recovery, the share proportion of advertising costs of the retailer is smaller than from manufacturer recovery. The retailer advertising share proportion of manufacturer recovery is negatively correlated with the advertising recovery efficiency factor, and positively correlated with the advertising and marketing efficiency factor. The retailer advertising share proportion of retailer recovery has nothing to do with the cost of advertising marketing efficiency factor, and recovery efficiency factor. At last the related conclusion is proved through simulation. This research provides coordination strategies under different recycling modes with closedloop supply chain advertising marketing and recovery efficiency varying. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Relationships of Interdependencies，Communication and Performance of Supply Chain Alliance Lu Ji-hua，Tang Zhi-kun，Zhao Xi-nan 2015, 18 (5):  56-63.  Abstract ( 1123 )   Save Based on related research, the interdependencies are divided into three dimensions, which are tasks, goals and rewards, in order to study the influence of interdependencies and communication on alliance performance. Communication is used as an intervening variable, the concept model of mutual dependency on alliance performance and related assumptions are proposed. The corresponding questionnaires are designed. Based on the reliability analysis, validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, the results indicate that the interdependencies of supply chain partners have a positive influence on communication and alliance performance, that communication has a positive influence on alliance performance, and that as an intermediary variable between the interdependencies of supply chain partners and alliance performance, communication has a significant intermediary effect. Based on the result of the analysis and discussion from the empirical study, some suggestions are proposed to improve the alliance performance from the perspective of interdependent relationship and communication.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of Pricing Policy and Demand Information Sharing Values with Risk Preference Chen Qin1,2, Qi Ming1 2015, 18 (5):  64-73.  Abstract ( 1046 )   Save In order to analyze the impact of the retailer's risk preference on pricing policy and information sharing value, the retailer's decision objective function is characterized by using expected profit and conditional valueatrisk（CvaR）as a weighted average of objective criteria and the optimal pricing policies and the demand information sharing values with the retailer's different risk preference are studied. The results show that the wholesale price does not matter λ when there is no information sharing. The optimal wholesale price, the optimal retail price and retailer's information sharing value will increase when the market uncertainty information shows demand will increase, and the supplier's and supply chain's information sharing value will decrease with the increasing of λ. And when the market uncertainty information shows demand will decrease, the optimal wholesale price, the optimal retail price and retailer's information sharing value will decrease with the increasing of λ, but the supplier's and supply chain's information sharing value will increase. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research of Supply Chain Coordination Strategy Based on RevenueSharing Contract under Risk-Aversion Chen Wei-hua1,2, Li Kai1, Yuan Hong-tao1 2015, 18 (5):  74-80.  Abstract ( 1182 )   Save The pricing coordination model of the two-stage supply chain with a risk-aversion retailer and a risk-neutral supplier under revenue-sharing contract by using conditional value-at-risk is studied. The optical price-dependent demand and stocking factor of a retailer and the optical wholesale price of a supplier are derived. The decentralized supply chain and members' operation performances are discussed under risk-aversion and demand price elasticity and revenue-sharing coefficients. At last, a numerical calculation is conducted. The results show that with the increase of degree of retailers' risk-aversion, retailers' operation performances and suppliers' operation performances show a trend of declining. But the revenue-sharing contract can effectively reduce the supply chain system and members' performance losses. When revenue-sharing coefficient is unchanged, with the increase of demand price elasticity coefficient, the operation performances of retailers and suppliers will reduce. But cost ratio coefficient does not have impact on both suppliers' and retailers' performances. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Stable Evolutionary Strategy of-Supply Chain Trust Based on Game Theory Zhang Xue-long, Wang Jun-jin 2015, 18 (5):  81-86.  Abstract ( 1088 )   Save Considering three different evolutionary stages of supply chain trust, their stable evolutionary strategies are studied. Aiming at the limitation of the traditional game, sound and unsound constraint mechanism are taken into account. Bringing the extra incomes trusted by both enterprises, costs of unilateral trust, extra revenues of unilateral distrust, costs of unilateral distrust and additional compensation of unilateral trust into the matrix of evolutionary game, stable evolutionary strategy of every stage is analyzed by using the evolutionary game theory. In order to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model, the numbers are analyzed, the changes of dynamics about the evolution of models researched into, and then corresponding systematic diagram worked out. The results show that cooperation achieves steady state and supply chain overall income is maximal when the probability of supply chain trust is greater than 0.75, and the stable evolutionary strategy which is under the unsound restraint mechanism is superior to that under the traditional one. But when restraint mechanism is unsound, not all the stable evolutionary strategies of enterprises are trustable. So it is imperative to improve the constraint mechanism, by which, when sound, the steady evolutionary strategy of enterprise can be finally trustable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dynamic Pricing Strategy with Demand Learning Based on Competitive Markets Li Hao1,2, Peng Qing1 2015, 18 (5):  87-92.  Abstract ( 1115 )   Save Analyzing why retailers have to adopt dynamic pricing through demand learning to maximize their revenue where there is demand uncertainty of the customer arrival rate and the competitive markets with multiple competing retailers, a dynamic pricing model by dynamic programming and game theory is presented. Based on competitive markets and demand learning background, the existence of Nash Equilibrium is obvious. It is found that the profit of retailers is proportional to the equilibrium price where there are multiple equilibrium prices. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyze the effect of demand learning and calculate the price equilibrium. A managerial insight is derived from numerical experiments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Outsourcing Strategies Choice under Correlated Yield andDemand Uncertainty He Bo, Wang Juan 2015, 18 (5):  93-99.  Abstract ( 1081 )   Save Yield uncertainty has become an important research topic in supply chain management. Competing retailers′ outsourcing strategies in the presence of correlated yield and demand uncertainty are investigated. Both retailers can choose dualsource procurement strategies or single-source procurement strategies. A two-stage game theory model is established and the optimal order quantity, the optimal profit and the threshold of fixed cost found out. It is found that dualsource dominates single-source and both retailers use dual-source strategies if the correlation is relatively high and the fixed cost is low. Otherwise, single-source dominates dualsource and both retailers use single-source strategies. In addition, if the cost is between the two thresholds, there are two symmetric SPNE (subgame perfect Nash equilibrium).  References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Operative Efficiency Study of Ports in Bohai Bay Based on- DEA Window Analysis Zhang Qiao-li, Fan Yuan-wei 2015, 18 (5):  100-106.  Abstract ( 1130 )   Save Analysis of port efficiency had always been on spatial dimension, rather than considering time. In order to make up this shortcoming, a DEA window analysis is applied, based on time and spatial dimension, utilizing panel data, to calculate the operative efficiency of three major ports in Bohai Bay, and utilizing the project analysis on DEA efficient frontier, the reason of DEA inefficiency are ensured. Furthermore, grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze the factor influencing the efficiency of ports. It is found that the operative efficiency of Qingdao port is higher, followed by Tianjin port, while Dalian port always in DEA inefficiency, and that these ports suffer from inefficiency as a result of input congestion, output deficiency and the illogical resource collocation and that the impacts of each input factor on these ports' operative efficiency are quite different. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study on Coastal Industrial Pollution Cooperative Governance Differential Game Wang Bo1，Li Jian1,2 2015, 18 (5):  107-114.  Abstract ( 1028 )   Save A model based on continuous-time differential dynamic game of coastal industrial environmental construction is established. And a set of optimal strategies under Nash, Stackelberg and collaborative game are obtained, and the result of the feedback compared and analyzed with the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Results show that system revenue is highest and the coastal area pollutants quantity is lowest under collaborative than that of non-cooperative Nash and Stackelberg game. The system revenue is higher and the coastal area pollutants quantity is lower under Stackelberg game than that of non-cooperative Nash. Also, the marine industry incentive factors in the construction of the Marine environment investment have coordination and incentive effect, which can improve the coastal industry system revenue. The optimal revenue distribution proportion between marine and terrestrial industry in the coastal environmental construction is also obtained, which can maximize the profit of coastal industrial system.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

A DEA-Tobit based Analysis of the Innovation Efficiency of-Pharmaceutical and Biological Innovative Enterprises Tang Yong, Zhang Xiao, Zhou Xia, Cao Gui-lin 2015, 18 (5):  115-121.  Abstract ( 1082 )   Save As innovative enterprises are important carriers of innovationdriven development strategy in China, innovation platforms can effectively stimulate innovation activities. SME Board pharmaceutical and biotech innovative companies are set as samples and the innovative efficiency is assessed with a DEATobit twostep model. The impact of innovation support policy on innovation efficiency is also discussed. An empirical study shows that most of the enterprises have low technical efficiency. Though the pure technical efficiency has improved, the scale efficiency is still low. What's more, though high strength of government subsidies improves their pure technical efficiency, tax return has negative influence on it. Innovation platforms improve both technical and scale efficiency. Thus, five suggestions are made based on our study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

A Dynamic Optimization Research of Flight Seat Inventory Control Based on the Hub and Spoke Route Network Gao Jin-min1, Le Mei-long2 2015, 18 (5):  122-126.  Abstract ( 1127 )   Save To keep the seat inventory control closer to actual passenger reservation demand, and effectively improve airline revenue, a dynamic optimization model of seat inventory control is established based on the characteristics of the hub and spoke route network, from the perspective of practical operation, considering demand uncertainty and dynamics at the same time. The random arrival passenger number of different reservation phases is obtained by simulation, the number of seats to protect each flight segment is obtained by using genetic algorithm, and the nested grade is obtained according to the fare value. The running results show that this method can increase the total revenue by 2.35% compared with the method using genetic algorithm only. It has certain reference significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Job-Shop Scheduling in Stochastic Rework and Reprocessing Situation Chen Jian-guo, Shu Hui, Yu Ping-xiang 2015, 18 (5):  127-133.  Abstract ( 1092 )   Save A Job-Shop scheduling is addressed with the consideration of stochastic rework and reprocessing while the traditional Job-Shop mathematical model ignored it. The objective of the model is to minimize the Total Weighted Tardiness (TWT) in these job shops. To solve the problem, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed with coding and population initialization improved. Five groups of population data for simulation experiments show that compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, the improved algorithm is better in convergence speed and the target value of TWT. Finally, through simulating the instances of scheduling scheme, and comparing with the actual Job-Shop scheduling results, the TWT of model simulation is less than 46% of the actual project scheduling results, and the scheduling scheme model proves practical and effective. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Model and Algorithm for Fuel Consumption-Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows   Ren Pan, Liu Ran, Jiang Zhi-bin, Dong Rui 2015, 18 (5):  134-140.  Abstract ( 1610 )   Save  with time windows is discussed. Based on fuel consumption rules analysis and quantitative description, an accurate mathematical model is built by considering the fuel consumption objective and constraints such as time windows. For the NPhard character of vehicle routing problem, a modified tabu search algorithm is designed to solve large scale such problem. The new algorithm introduces the large neighborhood theory and proposes a new kind neighborhood based on virtual vehicle. The validity of the new algorithm has been verified by computational study.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of Passenger Car Transportation Problems Based on Heuristic Algorithm He Meng-ying, Xu Mei, Zhang Ning-bo, Yan Fu 2015, 18 (5):  141-147.  Abstract ( 2908 )   Save The problem of passenger car transportation has drawn attention in the development of automobile industry. But as many logistics companies make transportation plan depending on experienced people at present, it is often less efficient and the transportation cost is not ideal when handling complex problems. As is known, the cost of passenger car logistics transportation is primarily affected by the number of transporters, the unit price of transporter and the mileage, etc. In order to solve this situation, a mathematical model about passenger car transportation problem is provided by using multi-objective optimization, heuristic algorithm and computer software. By using this mathematical model, two practical passenger car transportation problems are solved and reasonable solutions are given. This research will provide reference for logistics companies to handle such transportation problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Disruption Management in Vehicle Repair with Changes of -Time Windows and Repair Requirement from Customers Zhang Fan1,2, Tang Bing-yong1 2015, 18 (5):  148-153.  Abstract ( 1072 )   Save To handle the disruption caused by changes of time windows and repair requirement from customers during vehicle repair, the disruption measure method, disruption recovery strategy and disruption management model based on the theory of disruption management are proposed. By a numerical example, the result from disruption management, the result from executing former plan and the result from redistribution are contrasted. And the contrasts illustrate that, 1) comparing with the result from executing former plan the result from disruption management can reduce 32.14% in the deviance of customer service time, saving 14.89% in the cost addition; 2) comparing with the result from redistribution the result from disruption management can reduce 28.53% in the deviance of customer service time, and 66.67% in the deviance of repair process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Human Reliability of Coal Mine Workers Shi De-qiang, Lu Gang, Wang Lei 2015, 18 (5):  155-159.  Abstract ( 1082 )   Save In order to research into the human reliability of the coal mine workers at the continuity of operation, a method of human reliability analysis (HRA)cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM)is put forward. In order to be consistent with scenario environment of the coal mine, the common performance conditions (CPC), environmental Impact Indexβand control mode area of CREAM are modified to conform to the environment. An empirical result by drilling and excavation work in coal mining industry failure probability is 0.025. By reducing the most likely failure mode probability in measuring the drilling angle and depth, the coal company human reliability can be effectively improved. Conclusion: the model of control mode and common performance conditions based on the modified CREAM method has a good operability in reducing the uncertainty of human involvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics