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30 August 2016, Volume 19 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Research on Airlines′ Price Competition in Multi-route Market HU Rong, LI Dongya, JIANG Chao, XU Yuefeng 2016, 19 (4):  1-7.  Abstract ( 963 )   Save To investigate the problem of airlines′ price competition in the air transportation market with non-stop routes and stop routes, an airlines′ price competition model is established by using the game theory, based on the analysis of structure feature of air transportation market in China, and the effect of differentiation between the airlines and the substitution of multiroute products on the price competition and market equilibrium is discussed. The results show that airlines can get more profit by using joint pricing than separate pricing in the multi-route market. The differentiation between airlines has obvious impact on market equilibrium and market profit. The effect of differentiation depends on the resource that airlines have. The substitution of multi-routes also has obvious impact on airlines′ competition equilibrium. Key References | Related Articles | Metrics

Joint Ordering and Pricing Policy for Perishable Items with Time-varying Deterioration Rate LI Guiping1, DUAN Yongrui2 2016, 19 (4):  8-17.  Abstract ( 815 )   Save A joint ordering and pricing problem for perishable items with time-varying deterioration rate is discussed. Treating the maximized average profit as the objective and taking the disposal cost of decayed items into account, a joint ordering and pricing model is formulated, in which demand rate is dependent on both price and inventory level, the shortage is allowed and partially backlogged. Next, for any given pricing policy, the unique and optimal ordering policy is proved existent under a certain condition; on the other hand, for any given ordering policy, the existence of optimal pricing is also proved. In addition, it is proved that the optimal selling price obtained under the joint pricing and ordering decision is greater than that under the situation of making pricing decision separately. Furthermore, based on the proof and analysis of the model, an algorithm is proposed to search the optimal solution. Finally, the sensitivity analyses of main parameters of model are conducted by numerical simulation. The result shows that if the retailer ignores the influence of inventory level on the demand or the disposal cost of decayed items, the selling price will be low. As for products with high price elasticity, the retailer should adopt a low-pricing policy. If customers are impatient or products are with high substitutability, the optimal policy is to increase the selling price and shorten the shortage period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pricing Policies for Rural “Freight Route” Logistics Services Considering Customer Arrival Moment DING Xuefeng, LIU Jia 2016, 19 (4):  18-24.  Abstract ( 800 )   Save As customer arrival time is taken into third-party logistic service pricing decision when third-party logistic enterprises take rural “freight route” logistic services mode, optimal service pricing policies are studied. Influences of different parameters varying independently on optimal profit margin, consolidation cycle and service price are analyzed. Studies show that when holding cost increases, consolidation cycle is shortened and service price at the same time increases. When time sensitivity coefficient becomes larger, consolidation cycle is shortened and service price at the same time increases. When profit margin is positively correlated with holding cost, it is positively correlated with time sensitivity coefficient. When profit margin is negatively correlated with holding cost, it is negatively correlated with time sensitivity coefficient. Theoretical references may be provided for third party logistic service pricing policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Pricing Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Service Based on the PPP  Pattern ZENG Linghe1, WU Wenjian2, SHI Lefeng3 2016, 19 (4):  25-29.  Abstract ( 871 )   Save  Based on the characteristics of  PPP（public-private-partnership）pattern and the electric vehicle charging service, a pricing model of electric vehicle charging service is constructed considering the interests of the three main participants, by the theory of public pricing and Stackelberg games. Using the model on the different scenarios of electric vehicle development steps, the research shows that the regulation for electric vehicle charging service market pricing power, based on the PPP pattern, is advantageous to the coordination and balance the interests of the parties. The price limit set by government according to the average cost and the external environment value contributes to maximizing the social welfare. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Customer Demandoriented Product Evaluation System Construction CHEN Ye, CAO Shuai, XU Haiyan, LU Bo 2016, 19 (4):  30-35.  Abstract ( 851 )   Save  Aiming at the problem of product evaluation system, a bottom-up method of constructing evaluation system of product is proposed, which needs mining customer reviews, identifying the needs of customers, and then applying data to a clustering analysis. Unlike traditional multiple attribute evaluation and analysis of the most top-down (from generalization to specific) approach to the idea of building evaluation system, this method is customer demand-oriented, from bottom to top, layers forward, so that the final product evaluation system contains more objective features, thus helping to optimize the product evaluation design. Finally, a case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The EOQ Model of Hightech Product with Ramp Type Demand Rate and Delay Replenishment LUO Bing1,2, LI Shumei1, ZHOU Lingyan1 2016, 19 (4):  36-42.  Abstract ( 746 )   Save  High-tech products, which are the results of the development of science and technology, play a very important role not only in developing the state economy, but also in improving people's living standards. High-tech products are characterized by ramp type demand rate and delay replenishment mainly influenced by the price and waiting time. Customers are classified into two groups, price preference and time preference, two kinds of delay replenishment functions are presented, and a relevant economic order quantity (EOQ) model is generated, and finally the effect of key parameters on order policy and total profit of high-tech products is analyzed by numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that demand growth factor, price sensitive factor and discount rate have greater effects on ordering times and service level than other factors, interval length of demand growth, the proportion of price preference customers have greater effect on service level than ordering times, and length of planning horizon has a greater effect on ordering times than service level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Disruptive Technology Selection Environment Based on TRIZ Theory XU Zehao, ZHANG Guangyu, KANG Kai, WANG Xingyu 2016, 19 (4):  43-47.  Abstract ( 894 )   Save Disruptive innovation is a new path to gain a competitive advantage in the emerging enterprises. Fostering disruptive innovation focuses on identifying its environment. For example, new energy auto development stage can be confirmed by the curve of time-patent number, time-sales volume, time-patent level and time-performance through the application of the technology maturity mapping, which comes from the TRIZ Theory. Data shows that the automotive industry is currently in a mature stage, which is the best time for the development of disruptive innovation. Therefore, by identifying the market phase of the original technology, the best cultivation environment of the disruptive innovation can be found. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Aggregation Error Analysis for Activitybased Costing under the Consideration of Resource Consumption Pattern WU Xiaodan1, LIU Dan1, SUN Yuanyuan2, YUE Dianmin1, ZUO Xiangjun1 2016, 19 (4):  48-54.  Abstract ( 823 )   Save  To study the effects of diversity in resource consumption patterns on the costing system robustness to aggregation errors, an error model is built by ABC （activitybased costing）, which provides available guidance on how to obtain accurate costing information and refine costing system. Finally, the result shows that, 1, as the proportion of resource utilization increases, the robustness of the costing system grows worse; and 2, in a costing system with few activity driver links or more uneven driver links over the cost pools, the diversity in resource consumption is greater, and the robustness is worse; and 3, as the difference of cost pool increases, the robustness may not get worse, which depends on the correlation of activity, resources cool with high diversity and resource allocation patterns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Complex Information System′s Evolution Mechanism of Service-oriented Manufacturing Enterprise LIANG Peipei1,2, SONG Zhiting1, SUN Yanming1 2016, 19 (4):  55-62.  Abstract ( 834 )   Save  Service-oriented manufacturing mode relies upon the support of high-level information, and the conscious guide for information construction requires us to know the basic rules and characteristics of enterprise information system′s evolution. From the perspective of dynamic evolution of the complex system, a dynamic model for information system evolution is constructed and analyzed. System ideality is proposed to examine the basic rules and characteristics of enterprise information systems evolution. The directions and velocity of information system evolution are also discussed. Conditions for system evolution to enter the chaotic region and the influence of stochastic fluctuation strength are also inquired. Complexity science method and dynamic evolution provide us a novel perspective for information system research, and the conclusions also provide us a valuable reference framework for the successful informatization and rational investment of IT resource. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Critical Chain Identifying Method Based on the Activity′s Center of Gravity Theory WANG Yi1,2， CUI Nanfang1 2016, 19 (4):  63-67.  Abstract ( 854 )   Save Aiming at the critical chain identifying problem, which is the fundamental issue in critical chain project management, a two-stage critical chain identifying heuristic method is introduced based on the theorem of activity′s center of gravity. The well-known Patterson 110 instances are resolved by this new algorithm and three other heuristic methods using different priority rules. Comparing the calculation results by the mathematical statistical hypothesis test method, statistics show that the newly built method is advanced and greatly simplifies the identification of critical chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dual-channel Supply Chain Decision with Retailer′s Capital Constraint and Product Substitution GUO Jinsen1,2, ZHOU Yongwu2, LI Lu2 2016, 19 (4):  68-75.  Abstract ( 826 )   Save  In the case of symmetric demand information, using the Stackelberg game theory, a dual-channel supply chain decision model with retailer′s capital constraint and product substitution is researched. The results show that the retailer, the manufacturer and the supply chain′s total profit all decrease when the product substitution increases. Furthermore, increasing the service level is not always positive to the retailer′s profit. When the retailer is capital constraint, the manufacturer′s deferred payment contract can effectively coordinate the dual channel supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution Channel Selecting in Agricultural Supply Chain Based on Network Service Level HUANG Jianhui 2016, 19 (4):  76-82.  Abstract ( 757 )   Save  To solve the problem of electronic distribution channel selecting for agricultural supply chain, two kinds of electronic channels (direct and indirect selling online) are put forward considering the impact of the network service level on electronic distribution channel selecting, and an analytical model for each channel is set up respectively. The optimal electronic distribution channel selecting from the perspective of maximizing agricultural enterprise's profit (OEDCS-1) is achieved and analyzed comparatively from the perspective of maximizing agricultural supply chain's profit. It is found that,1) even the cost of network service is very low, the agricultural enterprise will not sell their products online when the ratio of online price and offline price is lower than a specific value; 2) OEDCS-1 will be unfavorable for supply chain efficiency when the cost of network service for the channel of direct selling online is in the middle; 3) the percentage of primary demand for electronic distribution channel is positive for selecting the channel of direct selling online. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimizing Perishable Food Supply Chain Network Considering Vehicle Speed and Carbon Emission ZHANG Tianxia， LI Hui 2016, 19 (4):  83-89.  Abstract ( 807 )   Save  According to the characteristics of perishable food supply chain network, transport speed and corruption rates are taken into consideration, and a MINLP （mixed-integer nonlinear programming）model is developed to solve this supply chain optimization problem and YALMIP software is used to solve the model so as to minimize the total cost of the entire supply chain and carbon emissions as little as possible. Finally, a case of fresh vegetable transportation is studied to demonstrate the feasibility of the model. The results show that carbon emission is proportional to the speed of truck and the optimum speed of trucks. The sensitivity analysis shows that the change of carbon price and deteriorating rate influence the whole supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Credit Insurance Policy Ledge Financing in the Case of Default GAO Qian, WANG Wenli, GUO Zhifang 2016, 19 (4):  90-97.  Abstract ( 798 )   Save In order to solve the problem of financing of the manufacturer and the retailer, a credit policy pledge financing model is constructed. Based on the newsboy model of stochastic programming problem and game theory, the different interest rates under conditions of retailer′s ordering decisions, bank interest rate decisions and insurance decisions of the manufacturer are analyzed. The analysis shows that the retailer controls the default rate and obtains the profit by the reasonable order quantity. The manufacturer achieves benefits through reasonable insurance level and wholesale price decision. In order to achieve profits, banks determine a reasonable rate of interest as well as the manufacturer′s insurance level, to determine the amount of financing. Manufacturers and banks want retailers with a low default rate. Credit insurance is beneficial to all parties in financing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimizing Financial Subsidy Types and Allocation on “Replacing Man with Machine” SUN Yuwei1，2,ZHANG Zhicong2 2016, 19 (4):  98-107.  Abstract ( 821 )   Save Fixed ratio and fixed volume subsidy, which are two financial subsidy types for “replacing man with machine”, are researched on. Fixed ratio subsidy refers to the government subsidy to the equipment supplier or buyer by a certain ratio of equipment price, while fixed volume subsidy means the government subsidy to the equipment supplier or buyer by a certain volume of money. Based on the game theory, optimal allocation and efficiency of government subsidy to “replace man with machine” are respectively researched under fixed ratio and fixed volume subsidy. First, sequential game models among government, equipment supplier and buyer are established under two subsidy types, and then the optimum subsidy allocations are derived. Then subsidy effectiveness and efficiency under optimum subsidy allocations are analyzed and compared. Last, financial subsidy proposals are given according to characteristics of the two subsidy types. Two main results are found. Firstly, allocating total subsidy to the equipment buyer is optimal under fixed ratio subsidy while under fixed volume subsidy, subsidy effectiveness is constant in all allocation schemes. Secondly, the capital usage efficiency of fixed volume subsidy is higher than that of fixed ratio subsidy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship among the Revitalization of Time-honored Brand, the Asset Quality and the Asset Valuation  ——A Case Study of Kweichow Moutai YANG Jifu 2016, 19 (4):  108-114.  Abstract ( 896 )   Save An empirical study on the revitalization of  Kweichow Moutai, a Time-honored Brand, found that operating income  is negatively correlated with equity multiplier, rarely correlated with the total asset turnover ratio and positively correlated with sales net profit rate; namely the revitalization of the time-honored brand rely on the improving profitability rather than the increase in financial leverage and the improvement of the profitability, since brand premium is the competitive advantage of the time-honored brand. Moreover, operating income  is positively correlated with rate of return on common stockholders’ equity, that’s to say, the revitalization of time-honored brand is of high quality, improving rather than sacrificing the quality of assets. In addition, operating income is positively correlated with net assets, market value, net cash flows from operating activities and free cash flow of equity while it is rarely correlated with price to book ratio and price earning ratio; namely the revival of the time-honored brand can improve the absolute value of  book value, the absolute value of market value and the absolute value of intrinsic value, rather than the relative valuation of book value, the relative valuation of market value. Besides, asset quality is positively correlated with net assets, market value as well as net cash flow of operating activities and rarely correlated with price to book ratio and price earning ratio and free cash flow of equity, that is say, the improvement of asset quality of the time-honored brand can promote the absolute value of book value, the absolute value of market value and the absolute value of intrinsic value,  rather than the relative valuation of book value, the relative valuation of market value and the relative valuation of the intrinsic value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Influence of Application Arrangement of Smartphones on User Performance of a Subtask QIN Hua1, RAN Linghua2, XING Huining1 2016, 19 (4):  115-121.  Abstract ( 722 )   Save The influence of smartphone application arrangement on user performance of completing a sub-task and satisfaction in the course of telephoning is studied. Based on simulated smartphone interface, three kinds of application arrangement are designed for the experiment, which are frequently-used style, historical style, and hierarchical style. Participants begin to conduct another application in a kind of application arrangement while telephoning. While participants conduct these tasks, the points of gaze, task completing time, and satisfaction are all recorded. The results show that the user′s completing time is less significant than the other two and satisfaction is the best while the frequently-used style is arranged on the telephoning interface. But the points of gaze have no significant difference among them. Therefore, the performance and satisfaction is the best while the frequently-used style is arranged on the telephoning interface. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Modeling of Operating Convenience for Automotive Interior Button Based on Operating Posture and Stature of Driver JING Xu1,3, LI Chunhua2, FAN Xiumin3, HE Qichang3 2016, 19 (4):  122-130.  Abstract ( 785 )   Save  Although the operation of automotive interior components is a secondary task in the process of vehicle driving, its convenience is closely related to driving safety. An operating time modeling method based on the operation posture and stature of driver is proposed for the automobile interior button. The data of reach posture and operation time of 9 males with different statures are collected in driving status using a vehicle simulator and a human motion capture system. The major factors affecting the operating time are analyzed by a statistical method. Based on these factors, an operating time prediction model is established using principal component regression, and is verified by the data of the test buttons and the other 5 males. The experimental results show that the roll and forward movements of the upper torso, the swing movement of the shoulder, the flexion and external rotation of the elbow, axial rotation of the upper limbs and driver's stature are the major factors affecting operation time. The average prediction error (APE) of the test buttons is 0.212s, and the APE of the new participants is 0.226s, which verifies the validity of the model. This study provides a new method for evaluating the convenience of automotive interior components. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Defective Rate Control Chart for High Yield Process Based on Multi-dot Alarm Rules WANG Haiyu 2016, 19 (4):  131-135.  Abstract ( 769 )   Save A kind of defective rate control chart for high yield process based on multidot alarm rules is proposed to improve the detecting efficiency of cumulative quantity control charts. A Markov chain method is used to calculate average run length of these charts. To illustrate the improved efficiency, the performances of three multi-dot alarm rule charts are compared with normal alarm rule chart. The results show that, when the average run length in control for the four charts reaches 370, the average run length out of control of three multi-dot alarm rule charts decreases respectively by nearly 44%, 40% and 63% of the unchanged alarm rule chart. The efficiency of detecting the increase of defective rate is improved significantly. The design method proposed can increase the speed of control chart to detect rate raise of high yield processes in 40%~60%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Rolling Bearing Assembly Quality Forecasting Based on Kernel Partial Least Squares WAN Fanghua1，WANG Xiaoqi2, ZHANG Hong3，DING Shiyong3，CHEN Jianguo1，WANG Tongde1，PAN Wenbin1 2016, 19 (4):  136-139.  Abstract ( 801 )   Save  The assembly quality of bearing plays a vital role in the mechanical operation process. In order to predict the quality of the bearing assembly, a mathematical model of accurately formulating relations between bearing characteristics and geometric components is proposed to predict assembly quality of bearings, which is very important to quality control of bearings. Using the kernel partial least square method to predict bearing assembly quality can overcome the adverse effects of the nonlinear factors. Research shows that the method results in a better accuracy and is helpful to bearing precision manufacturing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Robust Model for Rental Car Inventory Dynamic Control Based on Customer Choice Behavior YANG Yazao1,2, LI Pengfei1, CHEN Jian1, HAO Xiaoni3 2016, 19 (4):  140-145.  Abstract ( 831 )   Save  Car rental system operation state can be divided into leasable or not. Considering the situation that consumer cannot lease vehicles at the rental site, in order to improve vehicle average revenue and reduce forecast errors of expected profit, shift state space of car rental state is constructed. Taking the Markov decision processes and the strategy of continuous real-time customer behavior changes detection in a short period, an inventory control model is presented. Example analysis shows that the model can improve the inventory control precision for car renters, and realize the flexible control of the vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Decision-making Study of Pattern of Supplier Involvement in Collaborative R&D of Aviation Complex Equipment CHEN Hongzhuan, ZHUANG Xuesong, LI Ting, ZHU Mingxu 2016, 19 (4):  146-152.  Abstract ( 751 )   Save In order to determine the different patterns of supplier involvement in collaborative R&D process of aviation complex equipment, the knowledge accumulation function is established according to the information accumulation process of main manufacturers, the rework function is established based on supplier's collaborative degree and dependence degree. Then, a model is established about supplier involvement aiming for involvement time of the supplier and information communication frequency by constructing the global gain variables considering trade-off between product development time and cost, and the criteria for different patterns of supplier involvement obtained. Finally, an example is given to verify the result, which can provide guidance for practical application. Related Articles | Metrics

Improvement and Evaluation of Electric Pump Assembly Production Line GUI Liting, Ge Anhua 2016, 19 (4):  153-160.  Abstract ( 841 )   Save  As the production cost of products is increasingly emphasized by enterprises, the improvement of the production line has become a new focus in the business community. Taking the electric pump assembly production line as the research object, value analysis technique, "one-piece flow" technique and work study technique are used to analyze the existing problems in the production line. The improvement schemes of these three techniques are put forward. Then TOPSIS （technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution）and Grey Related Degree are used for evaluating the improvement schemes with the results of these three techniques compared. Finally the conclusion that "one-piece flow" technique is the best one to improve the enterprise's production line, then the work study, and last the value analysis, is drawn. References | Related Articles | Metrics