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30 June 2020, Volume 23 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Research on Zone Picking Optimization Problem Based on NSGA-II Algorithm WEI Qingqi, CHEN Jindi 2020, 23 (3):  1-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.001 Abstract ( 1192 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (939KB) ( 5602 )   Save Under the background of e-commerce, customer orders show the characteristics of multiple varieties, small batch, high frequency and so on, which brings great challenges to the warehouse picking work. In order to improve the efficiency of picking, a multi-objective zone picking model that minimizes the total service time, optimal zone workload balance and achieve the highest secondary sorting efficiency is designed under the batching strategy of the complete splitting of the order and walking strategy of the combinatorial optimization. Due to the contradiction among the three objective functions, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is designed to solve the multi-objective optimization model. Through numerical experiments, it is found that when the order batch environment is [1,4], the total service time is reduced by 43.88%, the balance is improved by 84.61%,respectively, compared with the traditional partition picking system without splitting orders. The influence of the number of zones, the total number of orders and the order batch environment on the system efficiency is analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Pricing Strategy and Coordination Mechanism for Electric Vehicle Batteries Gradient Utilization under EPR ZHANG Zijian, GUO Mingbo, CHEN Quanpeng 2020, 23 (3):  10-18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.002 Abstract ( 1674 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (855KB) ( 5442 )   Save In the context of the vigorous implementation of the EPR system in China, a battery gradient utilization model is created based on the battery manufacturer's recycling responsibility based on the gradient utilization characteristics of the used power battery.Then respectively under the conditions of centralized and decentralized decision-making in the supply chain, the gradient utilization of power battery is studied, and the optimal decision combination and optimal profit under different decision-making conditions are obtained. Finally, the revenue sharing contract is introduced to optimize the supply chain under the condition of decentralized decision-making. The accuracy and effectiveness of the conclusion and shared contract are further verified by a case study. The results show that under the condition of centralized decision-making, the recovery cost of power battery is positively correlated with the sales price, and negatively correlated with the recovery rate and the profit of closed-loop supply chain. Under decentralized decision-making condition, the power battery subsidy price is negatively correlated with the sales price and positively correlated with the recovery rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Selection of Manufacturers' Cooperative Strategies in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on Differential Games ZHANG Min, LI Siyu, SHI Chunlai, LIAO Zhitong 2020, 23 (3):  19-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.003 Abstract ( 1527 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (694KB) ( 5263 )   Save Based on the dynamic environment, the selection of manufacturers' cooperation strategies in closed-loop supply chains with third parties were studied. Four cooperation strategies were established: manufacturers only cooperate with recyclers or retailers; manufacturers cooperate with recyclers and retailers; and they do not cooperate. Differential game theories were used to solve the four models to get the optimal control strategy under different cooperation strategies. Several results were conclused. 1) When manufacturers, retailers and recyclers all cooperate, consumer welfare is the highest of the four models. 2) When manufacturers, retailers and recyclers do not cooperate, the retail price of the product is the highest among the four modes. 3) When manufacturers, retailers, and recyclers all cooperate, recycling efforts are the greatest. When manufacturers, retailers, and recyclers do not cooperate, recycling efforts are minimal, when manufacturers and retailers cooperate and when manufacturers work with recyclers, the size of the recycling effort is related to the payment price paid by the manufacturer to the recycler. 4) There is a possibility of cooperation between the manufacturer and the retailer or recycler. 5) When manufacturers, retailers, and recyclers work together, the total profits of the supply chain are the greatest, and the total profits of the supply chain are the smallest when manufacturers, retailers, and recyclers have no cooperation. The total profit of the supply chain is related to the transfer payment, the recovery cost coefficient and the unit cost of remanufacturing savings. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Effect of Remanufacturer Entry on Manufacturer Pricing Decisions in Different Channel Power Structures SHU Mi 2020, 23 (3):  30-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.004 Abstract ( 1572 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (826KB) ( 5337 )   Save Considering three kinds of market structures: the manufacturer as market leader, the remanufacturer as market leader and there being no leader in the market. Based on the game theory, three models are developed to study the influence of channel power on decision-making. The results show: the influence of remanufacturing on manufacturer's profit is closely related to the value difference between remanufactured products and new products. In the three market structures with different channel power, when the product difference is large, the price of manufacturer and remanufacturer is the highest in the market dominated by manufacturer, at this time, the profit of both sides is the biggest; when the product difference is small, the price of both sides is the highest in the market dominated by remanufacturer and the profit is the largest. In addition, whether manufacturer or the remanufacturer has the lowest price and the lowest profit in the balanced market. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fairness Concerns in Retailer-Dominated Agri-Food Supply Chain CHEN Jun, WANG Nan, QIU Zhihui 2020, 23 (3):  38-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.005 Abstract ( 1464 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (479KB) ( 5442 )   Save The farmers' interests are hurt when the powerful retailers offer a depressed price. To solve this problem, considering weak farmers' self-interest fairness concerns and Nash bargaining fairness concerns, the effect of the farmer's fairness concerns on operation efficiency of agri-food supply chain is studied using Stackelberg game theory. The conclusions indicate that the purchase price under self-interest fairness concerns is highest, and the preservation effort level under Nash bargaining fairness concerns is highest. Whatever fairness concerns the farmer has, the freshness-preservation effort cost sharing contract cannot coordinate supply chain. If the farmer alone bears the freshness-preservation effort cost, Pareto improvement for supply chain system's profit can be implemented just under farmers' Nash bargaining fairness concerns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pricing Strategy Based on Game Theory for Two-Stage Reverse Supply Chain SHI Yongqiang, WANG Jiaxin, ZHANG Zhiyong 2020, 23 (3):  45-50,58.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.006 Abstract ( 1664 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (939KB) ( 5653 )   Save Based on the idea of game theory, the pricing problem of reverse supply chain in which the manufacturer entrusts the retailer to recycle the waste products for reprocessing is studied. First, a Stackelberg game model of decentralized pricing and a centralized pricing model of the cooperative game are respectively constructed, and some deductions are derived from the formula deduction. It is proved theoretically that the cooperative game can bring more profits to the supply chain and can also benefit the consumers. In addition, for the cooperative game model, a distribution scheme is designed to achieve the distribution of cooperative profits to meet the requirements of all supply chain members. Finally, several examples are given to verify the correctness of the inference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Three-Level Supply Chain Coordination of Green Agricultural Products under Stochastic Demand HUA Junnan, DING Xianbo 2020, 23 (3):  51-58.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.007 Abstract ( 1558 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (694KB) ( 5412 )   Save The factors of market random demand, product greenness, green R&D cost, etc. are considered, and the coordination of three-level supply chain of green agricultural products studied. Firstly, the profit model of supply chain members under different decision-making models is constructed. It is found that cooperation can improve the overall income of the supply chain, and then a "revenue sharing and cost sharing" hybrid contract is constructed to coordinate the green agricultural product supply chain. The research results show that the hybrid contract can reduce the price of green agricultural products, increase the greenness, and increase the market demand for green agricultural products; and that a reasonable proportion of revenue sharing and cost sharing can achieve a win-win situation for each green supply chain member. Finally, the correctness of the contract model is verified by an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Quality Batch Model Considering Equipment Degradation and Rework FANG Yexiang, WANG Hongdong, QIAN Qing, FAN Shuhai 2020, 23 (3):  59-64,74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.008 Abstract ( 973 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1021KB) ( 5792 )   Save In order to get the maximum quality batch, the calculation method of expected profit value is studied under the marginal effect of rework cost. The production process is divided into two stages in which one is continuous processing without rework and the other is continuous processing requiring rework. The batch calculation formula under the quality control strategy and the quality batch corresponding to the maximum profit under the marginal cost are given. Monte Carlo simulation and Design Expert 8.0.6 software are used to work out the result. The expected profit value of rework cost is compared with that of no rework cost. Through the digital experiment, the research shows that the quality lot size considering the marginal effect of rework cost is larger than the general economic lot size, and the expected profit at maturity is also the largest. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Jointly Optimization of Production-Inventory of a Cross-Border Supply Chain System Based on VMI Supply Mode ZHANG Zhitao, CHEN Zhixiang, SHAO Xiao, WANG Weijie 2020, 23 (3):  65-74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.009 Abstract ( 1139 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 5669 )   Save A joint optimization of production-inventory of a cross-border supply chain system based on VMI supply mode is studied. The difference between VMI supply mode and traditional supply mode is compared with two transportation modes—ocean shipping and air shipping and their impacts on the decision. The results show that for the case company, adopting VMI as inventory control strategy as cross-border supply chain inventory control method has economic advantage compared with the traditional method and especially when adopting ocean shipping method, the total cost is lowest. In the meanwhile, an analysis is conducted on some important model parameters, such as capital cost, inventory holding cost and shortage cost, and their impacts on the decision discussed. Implications for practice have been summarized based on the results. The conclusions have reference values for other companies who want to improve their cross-border supply chain inventory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Preventive Inventory Allocation Mechanism and Method of Dual-Channel Multi-Echelon Distribution Network SHI Min, QU Ting, GUO Hongfei, LI Congdong, HUANG Guoquan 2020, 23 (3):  75-83,106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.010 Abstract ( 1161 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 5462 )   Save The traditional operation of enterprises to increase the inventory to respond to the stock-out caused by non-deferred delivery has become stretched after E-commerce has spawned the online and offline dual-channel distribution modes. In the dual-channel multi-echelon distribution mode, the traditional stock-based operation mode generates high inventory costs due to multi-echelon and multi-channel, which just weakens the high-profit advantage of dual-channel sales. Therefore, how to balance the inventory cost and out-of-stock loss of enterprises with dual-channel multi-echelon distribution network has become a research focus. To solve this practical problem, a three-level supply chain inventory system consisting of central warehouses, regional warehouses and store nodes with online and offline dual-channel sales, is considered and a Preventive Inventory Allocation Mechanism is proposed based on the idea of inventory sharing, that is, online and offline inventory in the node, one-to-many and two-way preventive transfer at the same level, and one-to-one single-direction preventive replenishment between the upper and lower levels. The operation mechanism of one-way preventive replenishment is studied, and using the Target Cascading (ATC) a preventive allocation model based on the demand forecast results within the predicted time window is constructed. Finally, the model is simulated and analyzed based on a large imported wine trading company in China. The results show that the proposed preventive inventory allocation mechanism can effectively reduce the inventory operation cost. The low-cost and efficient operation of the dual-channel supply chain system provides a means of implementation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-Energy Complementary Optimization Strategy of Power Producers Based on Cooperative Game SUN Quan, LI Junxiang 2020, 23 (3):  84-90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.011 Abstract ( 931 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (723KB) ( 5508 )   Save In order to reduce energy waste, stabilize the power grid system, absorb clean energy and increase the revenue of power producers, the existing fossil energy resources, wind power resources and solar power resources are integrated to establish a multi-energy complementary power generation strategy model through cooperative game to meet the power requirements of all users. The Shapley value method is used to distribute the interests of these power producers reasonably. In order to verify the feasibility of the strategy, three types of power producers are set up to operate under five different cooperation strategies. The simulation results show that under the multi-energy complementary optimal strategy, the daily power supply range of power producers is reduced by 32%, and the daily profits of fossil fuel, wind and photovoltaic power producers are increased by 15.9%, 45.5% and 65.0%, respectively. The results show that the proposed strategy is correct and effective and has a guiding value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Four-Legged Robot Engineering Feature Conflict Resolution Method LU Kexin, QIN Jianjun, GAO Lei 2020, 23 (3):  91-98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.012 Abstract ( 841 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (744KB) ( 5489 )   Save Aiming at the conflicts of engineering characteristics in the design of robots, an integrated method of quality house, theory of the solution of inventive problems (TRIZ) and quantitative priority analysis is proposed. The quality house is used to analyze the demand in the field unstructured terrain and the negative correlation engineering characteristics explored. The selection of innovative solutions was based on quantitative priority analysis. The principle of invention problem solving is applied to resolve the conflicts of engineering characteristics and a structural innovation scheme designed that meets the requirements. Taking the hydraulic four-legged robot as an example, the practicability and feasibility of the method are verified. It provides a new way to resolve the conflicts of engineering features. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Emergency Evacuation Model and Simulation Analysis of Urban Metro Passenger Flow Based on Emergency Events XIONG Guoqiang, LEI Jiaye 2020, 23 (3):  99-106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.013 Abstract ( 1537 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (1040KB) ( 6455 )   Save The emergency evacuation of metro station passenger flow is studied in the perspective of combination modeling in the event of emergencies. Firstly, the influencing factors of passenger flow outburst and its evacuation is analyzed. A cellular automata theory-based combined model on emergency evacuation of subway passenger volume is constructed, including optimal route choice model, pedestrian movement model, obstacle avoidance model, lane change and transcendence models, etc. Following an empirical research on the Qinglongsi Subway Station in Xi'an, the AnyLogic simulation platform is adopted to simulate and analyze the emergency evacuation process of passenger flow. The result indicates that the channel located between the platform floor and the underground hall will be crowded if the exit and path information cannot be obtained timely and completely as the pedestrian flow intensity is relatively large under the emergency evacuation process. However, the crowds could be evacuated effectively with the real-time release of evacuation information and under the guidance of the order of the flow and its walking path. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Practice & Application

A Layout Optimization of a Manufacturing Cell with Testing Process CHEN Jinbiao, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning, PENG Chengfeng, YU Ailin 2020, 23 (3):  107-114,131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.014 Abstract ( 1157 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1787KB) ( 5659 )   Save Focused on an intelligent manufacturing cell with testing process, considering its stochastic factors, the machine layout problem about it is researched. Firstly, analyzing the manufacturing process and characteristics of the intelligent manufacturing cell, the stochastic mixed nonlinear integer programming model of the machine layout problem is established. Then, the corresponding simulation model is established to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the effect of the testing rate variation on optimal solution was analyzed, and an analysis of variance about system performances is conducted to research the impact degree of the layout variation and the testing rate variation on system performances. The result can provide enterprises with decision basis about machine layout of the intelligent manufacturing cell. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Improvement of Image Sensor Quality Inspection Method Based on Image Recognition Algorithm ZHAO Huijuan, JIANG Pansong, HUANG Wencong 2020, 23 (3):  115-122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.015 Abstract ( 878 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 5592 )   Save Aiming at the problem of low reliability of image sensor quality detection results and based on Laplacian operator image recognition technology, an image recognition model is established with the help of Matlab software, realizing image acquisition, image edge intelligent recognition, image feature information intelligent extraction and analysis functions. Through the experimental comparison, it is proved that the improved detection method can more accurately reflect the product quality characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Optimization of Multi-Freights Loading into Multi-Cars with Balancing Constraints ZHU Xiang, XIANG Yanping 2020, 23 (3):  123-131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.016 Abstract ( 1195 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (718KB) ( 5861 )   Save The freights loading based on balancing constraints aims to improve the utilization rate of the available capacity of the car and the balance level of the center of gravity as well. It is important for the safe and high performance of the freight transportation. In terms of the optimization of packing multi-category rectangular freights into multi-car, an idea is proposed that the freights are loaded symmetrically from the two sides of the cars. An improved GASP algorithm is designed to fulfill the freights loading process and two strategies are introduced to improve the initial result of the placement. Through moving parts of the freights in the intermediate positions, the optimization of the center of gravities for each loaded cars is realized. The instance demonstrates that the algorithm can quickly generate the balancing packing plan, by which the higher utilization rates of the cars and the safe requirements for the transportation are all well met. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Shared Bicycle Recycling Based on Distribution Prediction of Broken Vehicles and Profit and Loss Threshold Analysis ZHANG Wei, LI Pengxiang, TONG Ziqiang, YUE Yimeng 2020, 23 (3):  132-137.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.017 Abstract ( 1316 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (586KB) ( 5569 )   Save Seeing the fact that the losses and costs caused by bad bicycles continue to grow in the operation of Shared Bicycle System and forecasting the distribution of bad bicycles in the site network, a damaged bicycle recycling network model is established based on cost threshold analysis, a recycling route assignment model is built with the goal of minimizing recycling costs and the actual case solved as well using the hybrid algorithm of tabu search and genetic algorithm. The results show that the method can solve the problem of distribution prediction and path optimization in the recycling process of damaged bicycles in real-situations. In the example analysis, compared with the traditional recycling method, the established model has a cost saving of 8.72% and an excellent application value, which not only reduces the operating cost of the recycling process, but also improves the recycling efficiency, which has certain reference value for decision-making optimization of shared bicycle operators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Emergency Evacuation Method of Rail Transit Station Considering Passengers' Incomplete Rational Behavior MAO Yalan, ZHANG Jin 2020, 23 (3):  138-144,153.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.018 Abstract ( 1306 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 5670 )   Save For the passenger evacuation problem of urban rail transit stations under emergencies, considering the incomplete rational decision-making behavior of passengers, an evacuation passenger flow assignment method based on prospect theory is proposed. The internal structure of the station is first networked into a directed graph, and the effective path set is obtained by the depth-first-search algorithm in turn. Then, considering the incomplete rational behavior of passengers, an evacuation passenger flow assignment model based on prospect theory is established, and the method of successive averages is used to solve the model. Finally, taking the Chengdu Taisheng South Road subway station as an example, an emergency evacuation scenario is set up for model application, and AnyLogic is used to simulate the distribution results based on the prospect theory, and the distribution results based on the user equilibrium theory, which assumes passengers are completely rational. The results show that the distribution results obtained by the passenger flow assignment method based on the prospect theory are more in line with the actual emergency evacuation results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A LOF Algorithm-Based Multivariate Process Monitoring Scheme for Mixed-Type Data ZHANG Qiaowei, LI Yanting 2020, 23 (3):  145-153.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.019 Abstract ( 845 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (765KB) ( 5557 )   Save A LOF algorithm-based mixed-type data control chart (Mixed-type data Local Outlier Factor Control Chart, MLOF) was proposed to solve the monitoring problem of mixed-type data with ordinal and nominal variables. During the process of detecting changes in process variables, MLOF control chart fully considers the information entropy of nominal categorical variables and the rank of ordinal categorical variables. It measures the abnormality of observation point based on density. The performance of MLOF control chart and the existing mixed-type data control chart on outlier detection was compared using a simulation case based on credit card application data set and a real data case based on German credit card data set. The simulation case included 30 monitoring scenarios. The results show MLOF control chart performs best in 57% of these scenarios. The real data case also verifies that the MLOF control chart is more suitable for the mixed-type data monitoring process with large data volume and complicated clustering situation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Integrating Control Scheme of CSP-T and Spk under the Quality and Cost Constraints LI Chunzhi, GAN Weihua, YAN Wei'an 2020, 23 (3):  154-163.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.03.020 Abstract ( 722 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1028KB) ( 5551 )   Save Multiple level continuous sampling plan (CSP-T) is an on-line process quality control tool. The type I risk and type II risk are both high and the cost constraint cannot be satisfied in CSP-T. An integrating control scheme between CSP-T and Spk is proposed, which can meet quality constraint, being carried out with the least cost and controlling the two types of risk at the given level. The optimal CSP-T plan, driven by the attribute characteristics of the sample, is constructed under the quality and cost constraints. The risk control scheme is presented based on the accurate distribution of the estimation of the process yield index (Spk). The two types of risk can be controlled at the given levels for the stipulated quality and cost constraints. The quality control scheme and the risk control scheme work independently and complementarily. The inspection workload is not increased compared with the traditional CSP-T plan. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified by an enterprise case. References | Related Articles | Metrics