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30 October 2020, Volume 23 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Opaque Sales Pricing Decision of Airlines under Duopoly Competition LI Hao, TU Yu, XIONG Xuexia 2020, 23 (5):  1-10,81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.001 Abstract ( 1124 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (1567KB) ( 5437 )   Save Opaque sales is a popular strategy for selling leftover capacity in airline ticket sales and is in rapid development in recent years. The Hotelling model is used to establish two models, one in traditional opaque sales channel, the other in direct channel and opaque sales channel existing at the same time. Then, the equilibrium prices and benefits of airlines and intermediary in the two sales modes of supply and demand are solved, which is to find out when the airline is most profitable. It is found that opaque sales exists when the market is competitive, and at the end of the season, the total expected revenue of the airlines under the environment of competition is higher than the traditional opaque sales. At the same time, the intermediary is motivated to implement this strategy, which highlights the guiding role of dual channel simultaneous sales to market demand. Theoretical references can be provided for the pricing in competitive and channel selection of airlines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Dynamic Pricing and Entry Timing Joint Decision for Imitative Enterprise LI Feng, YU Han 2020, 23 (5):  11-21,95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.002 Abstract ( 1430 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1647KB) ( 5325 )   Save The entry timing decision and pricing strategies have become increasingly important for imitative enterprises due to competitive market environment. To address these problems, a system dynamics modeling approach was proposed. Using this method, demand and profit of the imitative enterprise under the duopoly market were calculated by simulations of the system dynamics model. Two objectives for the imitative enterprise were discussed. One is to maximize the sales, and the other is to maximize the profit. In the model, two kinds of consumer behaviors were considered: the hesitant behavior before purchasing the product, and the expectation for future price’s discount. The simulation results revealed that the optimal operation strategies for those targeting market share are to discount the product once entering the market. By contrast, if the imitative enterprises pursue maximizing their profits, the optimal strategies are not to discount the product. Moreover, if price discounted is a common knowledge, the imitative enterprises will benefit from delay price discount. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Production Decision of Competitive Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Consumers' Green Preference XING Guangjun, LI Yunyun 2020, 23 (5):  22-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.003 Abstract ( 1533 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (902KB) ( 5413 )   Save Considering consumers' preference for green products, a competitive closed-loop supply chain system is established, which consists of a green product manufacturer, a common product manufacturer, and a retailer. The optimal pricing and green level in the cooperative game and non-cooperative game are determined respectively, and the impact of consumers' green preference, green investment coefficient and manufacturers' competition intensity on the selection of products and the profit of each node enterprise is explored. The research shows that the retail price of products, green level, and profits of supply chain companies are positively correlated with consumer green preferences and negatively correlated with green investment factors. The profit of the manufacturer decreases with the increase of the competition intensity, and the profit of the retailer increases. The profit of the green product manufacturer in the non-cooperative game is higher than that of the common product manufacturer. In addition, the conclusions are verified by numerical examples. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Game Analysis of Cold Chain Operation Strategy Based on Relationship Contract FAN Xiangyu, LIU Zhibao, WU Xiaoping 2020, 23 (5):  30-35,45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.004 Abstract ( 870 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (848KB) ( 5433 )   Save Aiming at the problem whether high quality cold chain measures are strictly adopted in each link of the cold chain product supply chain, based on the relationship contract between the members of the supply chain, a pure strategic game model and a mixed strategic game model between the suppliers and distributors of the cold chain are constructed by using game theory. Through the solution and analysis of Nash equilibrium, it is found that the probability of adopting high quality cold chain measures in the cold chain enterprises is related to the probability of adopting high quality cold chain measures. The factors of cold chain cost, supervision cost, supervision probability, reward and punishment intensity are related to cold chain enterprises. Finally, based on the long-term development of enterprises, the concrete suggestions are put forward for cold chain enterprises to jointly improve the quality of cold chain service. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pricing and Contract Selection in Dual-channel Supply Chain for P-books and E-books ZHOU Baogang, LIU Siwen, ZHANG Lifeng 2020, 23 (5):  36-45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.005 Abstract ( 1330 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (991KB) ( 5474 )   Save In order to study pricing for p-books and e-books and contract selection strategy for the publisher, based on game theory, the four kinds of books dual-channel supply chain are modeled by contract portfolios. The results show that the prices of p-books and e-books are increasing functions of book substitution rate and unit royalty cost and are independent of buyout cost. When royalty costs are smaller, the publisher should choose royalty contract or else choose buyout contract. When share ratios are lesser, the publisher should select agency contract or else select wholesale contract. As the book substitution rate is lower, the publisher prefers royalty contract and agency contract. Otherwise, the publisher prefers buyout contract and wholesale contract. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recycling Policy of Used Products on the Two-sided Platform DING Xuefeng, XIAO Yuling, ZHENG Jing, CHEN Qiancheng 2020, 23 (5):  46-51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.006 Abstract ( 968 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (529KB) ( 5647 )   Save Considering the new platform recovery policy from the perspective of extensive resource sharing and information processing, a platform centrally recycling used products from different consumers through cross-network externalities with consumers and remanufacturers is studied. The results show that the platform determines the recycling rate and registration fee according to the distance of consumers from the collecting network. The externality of two-sided customers affects the platform’s pricing policy for consumers. The higher the cost of old products saved, the more the remanufacturers will join the platform, the greater recycling rate and the more profit will be derived. The two-sided platform creates a feasible way to increase social welfare and improve the recycling rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Methods for Two-sided Matching Decision GUO Qian, WU Gang, WANG Yating 2020, 23 (5):  52-57.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.007 Abstract ( 885 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (517KB) ( 5517 )   Save To achieve a relatively satisfactory result for two-sided matching problem under uncertain environment, intuitionistic fuzzy methods are prpposed to solve the problem. By untilzing the concept of the membership degree and non-membership degree in intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, double objective function in the classic matching model is converted into single objective function, which represents the total satisfaction of both sides. Fairness is also taken into consideration in this model. An interactive algorithm is designed to maximize the total satisfaction under certain fairness restraints. The algorithm incoperates fairness and harmony in matching decision-making process, and thus it has practicality and reference value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows Based on Density Peak Clustering WU Bin, SONG Yan, CHENG Jing, DONG Min 2020, 23 (5):  58-66,74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.008 Abstract ( 1537 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1434KB) ( 5481 )   Save A new hybrid algorithm (DGA) combining density peak clustering (DPC) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the vehicle routing problems with time windows. The DPC is used to cluster the customers to reduce the scale of the problem, and then the clustered customers are optimized by GA. The experimental results show that the average value of DGA on the nine data sets is 13.41% and 4.7% higher than simulated annealing (SA) and Tabu search, respectively, and the maximum increase of single data set is 26.4%. It is proved that the algorithm is an efficient method for solving vehicle scheduling problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on the Route Optimization of Multimodal Transport Considering Comprehensive Transport Cost LI Kuimei, ZHENG Bo 2020, 23 (5):  67-74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.009 Abstract ( 2065 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 5840 )   Save From the two perspectives of customer satisfaction and the social responsibility of the enterprise, a comprehensive transportation cost model is established, considering the loss caused by factors such as the exhaust emissions, in-transit inventory losses, delay or early loss and goods value decay, combined with transport cost. On this basis, a multimodal transport path optimization model is also established to minimize the comprehensive transport cost as the goal. In addition, a Hybrid Bat Algorithm (HBA) is designed to solve the path optimization model. Finally, a random simulation experiment is implemented and compared with Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) and Hybrid Algorithm (HA). The research results show that both the model and the Hybrid Bat Algorithm (HBA) are feasible and effective. What’s more, the Hybrid Bat Algorithm (HBA) is superior to Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) and Hybrid Algorithm (HA) in many aspects such as the global optimization ability, stability and running speed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pick-up and Delivery and Soft Time Windows LI Bowei, HU Zuoan, JIA Yezi, TANG Shiyun 2020, 23 (5):  75-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.010 Abstract ( 1360 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (628KB) ( 5678 )   Save Considering the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows, customer points are often accompanied by dual demands for pick-up and delivery. For these problems, the soft time window, the time relationship of vehicle on the route and the combination between them are described, and a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is built by considering the vehicle travelling distance, vehicle number, total time of the soft time windows being violated and customer satisfaction. The corresponding multi-objective optimization algorithm is designed, and the objective function is transformed by using ideal point method, and the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into single-objective optimization problem, and combining the set of test problems, each global optimal solution of test problems is solved by the global solver of LINGO 17.0. The results show that the model and algorithm of vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery and soft time windows (VRPSPDSTW) are effective and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Logistics Node Location with Curved Demand and Lateral Transshipment ZHOU Jianqin, LI Min, SUI Yuhan 2020, 23 (5):  82-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.011 Abstract ( 864 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (702KB) ( 5503 )   Save Location of logistics nodes along the proposed railway is of great significance to provide logistics service because a lot of materials are required in a railway construction project. With the uncertainty of the material demand, a lateral transshipment strategy between two logistics nodes is applied to optimize the location of the logistics nodes and their corresponding service area, so as to control the logistics cost of the project. To minimize the total operation cost, a facility location-inventory model is developed with curved demand. On the basis of analyzing the properties of the model, an algorithm based on linear search is developed. The computational experiment shows that lateral transshipment induces to an increase of transshipment and transportation cost, together with more reduction of inventory cost. As a result, the total operation cost goes down. The optimal location of logistics nodes changes with lateral transshipment considered, and so does their corresponding service area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Underground Logistics Node Selection Planning Based on Greedy Genetic Algorithm WANG Sulin, QIU Feier, CHEN Fan, LIU Chuankun, LU Teng, WANG Zhiyun 2020, 23 (5):  88-95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.012 Abstract ( 1399 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (769KB) ( 5598 )   Save Taking a local logistics survey as an engineering background, combining with the research results of underground logistics system at home and abroad, the idea of set covering is introduced into the location planning of underground logistics network, a bilevel multiobjective programming model with minimum number of logistics nodes and minimum transfer rate of logistics nodes is established, and combining greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problem. The research shows that: It is feasible and effective to introduce the idea of set covering into the planning of underground logistics nodes. Greedy genetic algorithm is used to optimize the solution, which makes the choice of the nodes of the underground logistics network reach the global optimum. The number of nodes and the transfer rate of nodes are effectively controlled. The nodes of the underground logistics network show obvious regional concentration, that is, the service nodes are all concentrated near the logistics demand point, and the two level node service area is always adjacent to a level one node. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Road Capacity Optimization Based on Improved Network Maximum Flow LIAO Ye, WANG Shunyi 2020, 23 (5):  96-102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.013 Abstract ( 991 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (561KB) ( 5705 )   Save A mathematical model of improved network maximum flow is established to study campus road planning in the research background of a domestic university. Firstly, according to the basic network maximum flow model, Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is used to solve the theoretical maximum capacity of 46 person/s. Secondly, considering the road selectivity, the shortest path model is established. Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path from each single source to each single sink, and A* algorithm is used to exclude the path with a large difference from the shortest distance, so as to screen out the effective path. Using the results of the shortest path model to strengthen the constraints in the original model, the simple method is used to solve the actual maximum capacity of 23 person/s. Finally, a linear programming model with the lowest cost of road widening as the objective function is established to optimize the road. The results show that the existing road design can meet the road traffic demand. If the road capacity needs to be improved and the change of the road is minimum, the key roads in the road network can be expanded appropriately. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Emergency Material Dispatching Model for Continuous Consumption of Dangerous Chemical Accidents LU Jianfeng, MU Ruifang, ZHAO Jiahong, WANG Xiaoxia 2020, 23 (5):  103-108,117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.014 Abstract ( 948 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (924KB) ( 5339 )   Save Emergency material dispatching is the key content of emergency rescue work for hazardous chemicals accidents. The accident of dangerous chemicals will cause environmental pollution to the surrounding areas, so the problem of emergency material dispatching should consider multiple objectives. Aiming at the characteristics of emergency material dispatching in hazardous chemicals accidents, a multi-objective model of continuous consumption emergency material dispatching is established. The objective of the model is to minimize the shortage loss, the shortest dispatch time and the minimum total environmental risk, considering the constraints of material quantity limitation and rescue time limitation at rescue point. NSGA II genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. For the solution results, the ranking method approaching the ideal solution is used to select. The calculation results show that the multi-objective model optimization scheme has more advantages than the single-objective model optimization scheme, and the algorithm is reasonable and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of Improved Multivariate Process Capability Based on Entropy Weight and Fuzzy Matter Element ZHAO Jiali, LI Jiang, XU Yuanping 2020, 23 (5):  109-117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.015 Abstract ( 866 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (594KB) ( 5460 )   Save In solving the difficulty in data collection of multi-variety and small batch products and the interaction between various indicators, the traditional methods are not effective. The multi-process capability index based on principal component analysis will cause information loss. By using the fuzzy matter element method, the process similar conditions are constructed, the similar process selected to turn the small batch problem into large batch processing, and the tolerance coefficient method is applied to convert the original data into relative data. As a result, an improved multivariate process capability index based on entropy weight theory and fuzzy matter elements is proposed. In conclusion, a product is analyzed for example, thus verifying the practicability and effectiveness of the method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

Index System Construction and Influencing Factors Analysis of Patent Map and TRIZ Integration Technology Innovation YANG Lifeng, WANG Jinfeng 2020, 23 (5):  118-123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.016 Abstract ( 865 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (430KB) ( 5516 )   Save Combing the technological innovation process of patent map and TRIZ integration, an influencing factor index system is constructed. An empirical research is carried out by using rough set theory to identify the key influencing factors of patent map and TRIZ integration technology innovation. The results show that rough set method is superior in dealing with fuzzy and uncertain knowledge; in addition, when using the patent map and TRIZ integration technology innovation method for technological innovation, the accuracy and integrity of patent data sources, the validity of patent analysis results and the economic benefits of technological innovation are the key factors affecting technological innovation of enterprises, and the research results are in line with the actual situation of technological innovation of enterprises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Evaluation Method of Innovation Ability of High-tech Enterprises Based on Priority Level Entropy GUO Xiuqiang, SUN Yanming 2020, 23 (5):  124-131,139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.017 Abstract ( 858 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (778KB) ( 5581 )   Save High-tech enterprises are the main body applying scientific and technological innovation and achievements, and analyzing and evaluating the level of technological innovation capabilities of high-tech enterprises can help accelerate their high-quality development. The correlation coefficient analysis method and Delphi analysis method are adopted to determine 3 first-level indicators and 13 second-level indicators. Taking into account the possible influence of the priority of indicators, a method is proposed for correcting the order relationship of incomplete information indicators, and combined with analytic hierarchy process and entropy value, a combination of subjective and objective weighting method is proposed. Finally, an example demonstration is conducted with typical high-tech enterprises in Guangdong Province. The results show that the method can ensure that the index priority remains unchanged and contains subjective and objective weight information, and achieves good evaluation of technological innovation capability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Construction and Analysis of Dynamic Model of Innovation Performance System of Alliance Enterprises Based on Knowledge Collaboration LIU Jiao, YANG Jingjiang 2020, 23 (5):  132-139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.018 Abstract ( 1017 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (677KB) ( 5398 )   Save In order to understand the causal relationship between knowledge collaboration and alliance enterprise innovation performance, a dynamic model of alliance enterprise innovation performance system is constructed and analyzed based on knowledge collaboration. The results show that the system dynamics model constructed by the institute is effective, and the simulation results can better simulate the actual situation of the innovation performance of the alliance enterprise based on knowledge collaboration; for the alliance enterprises, the knowledge collaboration has a good promotion effect on its innovation performance; and among the three factors of knowledge collaboration, namely knowledge activity collaboration, knowledge reciprocal collaboration and exchange study, are important to promote the innovation performance of alliance enterprises. However, due to the influence of internal and external factors, the effect of knowledge collaboration on the innovation performance of alliance enterprises is not immediately apparent, but with the increase of alliance time, the rate of improvement of corporate innovation performance is gradually rising. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Evaluation of Lean Design Scheme of Prefabricated Component Factory MENG Zibo, NIU Zhanwen, LIU Chaochao 2020, 23 (5):  140-148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.00.019 Abstract ( 808 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (635KB) ( 5668 )   Save As an emerging industry, the design and operation of prefabricated component plants is a key prerequisite for achieving high efficiency, high quality production and distribution of fabricated building components. Lean design can help prefabricated component factories eliminate waste and improve production efficiency from the source. Therefore, it is undoubtedly a key issue to build a lean design solution for prefabricated component factories and evaluate the implementation effect. The prefabricated component factory lean design evaluation index system is constructed from the four perspectives of capital, delivery, production and improvement. Then the weight of the index is determined by AHP-DEMATEL method, and the final result is obtained by the improved TOPSIS method. In the end, a prefabricated component factory is used as an example to verify the rationality and feasibility of the lean design evaluation index system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on the Optimal Decision of Green Supply Chain Considering Reciprocal Altruistic Preference and Government Subsidies ZHANG Ziyuan, FU Duanxiang 2020, 23 (5):  149-157,168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.020 Abstract ( 1295 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1500KB) ( 5330 )   Save In order to study the impact of government subsidies, the reciprocal altruism preferences of the manufacturer and the retailer in a green supply chain on two parties’ pricing strategies, profit, product green degree and overall profit of green supply chain, the green supply chain members’ optimal strategies are studied by using game theory and numerical simulation method. The research shows that the unilateral reciprocal altruistic preference of the manufacturer or retailer will reduce its own profit and increase the product green degree, the counterparty’s profit and the overall profit of the supply chain. Moreover, when both sides have the same degree of reciprocal altruistic preference, the retailer’s reciprocal altruistic preference can improve the product green degree more effectively; whether the manufacturer or the retailer has reciprocal altruism preference, the increase in government subsidies will enhance the promotion impact of its reciprocal altruism preference to product green degree, the counterparty’s profit and the overall profit of the supply chain to some extent, but the difference is that when the manufacturer has reciprocal altruism preference, the increase in government subsidies will aggravate the damage of its reciprocal altruistic preference to its own profit to certain extent, and such case will not happen when the retailer has reciprocal altruism preference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Risk Aversion-based Green Supply Chain Pricing and Government Subsidies ZHU Lin, DOU Xiangsheng 2020, 23 (5):  158-168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.021 Abstract ( 1428 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (896KB) ( 5575 )   Save Aiming at a two-stage green supply chain system consisting of retailers and manufacturers who are both taking risk aversion and based on the government’s policy environment of subsidizing manufacturers’ production costs, and under the assumption that retailers and manufacturers work together on ecological efforts, the equilibrium retail price, equilibrium wholesale price and equilibrium green degree of product in two different game model of retailers leading Stackelberg game model and centralized control game model are explored. In addition, government subsidies for green manufacturers is another assumption of this research. Furthermore, in a retailers leading Stackelberg game model, the equilibrium value of retail price, wholesale price and green degree of product are analyzed and compared under three different government policies: subsidies to green manufacturers, subsidies to green consumers and no subsidy policy. Finally, a numerical method is used to investigate the impact of government subsidy ratio, risk-defending degree of manufacturers and retailers to other factors. The results show that in a retailers leading Stackelberg game model, risk-defending degree of manufacturers has more significant influence on other factors. Besides, government subsidies to green consumers has better effect on improving green product quality, reducing price, stimulating green demand and improving social welfare. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Replacement-recycle Model under Different Market Leaders SUN Xu, WU Zhong 2020, 23 (5):  169-175.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.022 Abstract ( 1289 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (762KB) ( 5241 )   Save In order to explore the pricing decision-making problem of closed-loop supply chain, based on different leaders and waste recycling channels in the market, four old-fashioned recycling models were established, and the pricing decisions of manufacturers and retailers in each model were compared and analyzed. The research shows that: 1) The greater power the enterprise has, the stronger bargaining power it will get, and the more profits it will achieve. 2) The pricing of remanufactured products and the residual value of waste products are only related to the recycling channels of waste products. They are not related to market leaders. 3) The potential consumer can get more residual value when the manufacturer recycles the waste, but it will harm the interests of the original consumer. 4) Manufacturers can encourage more consumers to participate in replacement and increase the recycling rate of used products by appropriately reducing the durability of new products and increasing consumer acceptance of remanufactured products, which in turn promotes remanufactured products to the market. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Age-related Changes in Dynamic Visual Lobe LI Jitao, QIN Hua, RAN Linghua, YU Ruifeng, WU Xing 2020, 23 (5):  176-181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2020.05.023 Abstract ( 814 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (486KB) ( 4906 )   Save The influence of age on the changes of dynamic visual lobe characteristics is explored. Using dynamic visual search tasks, a total of 138 samples are tested. The results show that age significantly affects the visual lobe area, the dynamic visual lobe area, dynamic visual lobe perimeter and shape factor which all decrease with the increase of age.The dynamic visual lobe characteristics are affected by the moving speed of the gaze point. With the increase of speed, the visual field range decreases and the shape of the dynamic visual lobe deviates from the circle. The results of this study can provide guidance for designing dynamic visual search tasks for different age groups. References | Related Articles | Metrics