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28 February 2021, Volume 24 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Research on the Pricing Strategy and Channel Selection of Online Retailers with Effort Level LIU Dun, SONG Huiling, NIE Jiajia 2021, 24 (1):  1-9,18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.001 Abstract ( 1928 )   HTML ( 60 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 5584 )   Save A study is conducted on the optimal strategy of supply chain under three markets composed of two competitive retailers. By considering online retailers making great efforts to sell self-operated products, both e-retailers' equilibrium strategies are found. It shows that agency selling weakens the negative effects of double marginalization from reselling and leads to lower retail prices. E-retailers prefer agency selling when the base demand of joint products is close to that of self-operated products. When the base demand of joint products is low or medium, online retailers can benefit from choosing reselling. Results indicate that, the selection of selling formats by e-retailers is mostly what the manufacture prefers. The market equilibrium structure conflicts with the manufacturer's preference equilibrium structure mainly because manufacturers have a free-riding behavior. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Online and Offline Pricing and Channel Decision of Competitive Multi-brand LI Hao, XIONG Xuexia, LIU Fei 2021, 24 (1):  10-18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.002 Abstract ( 1860 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (915KB) ( 5513 )   Save In order to solve the problem of online and offline channel decisions for multiple brands, the Spokes model is used to analyze the optimal pricing and revenue of the direct and mixed sales modes. Based on the game theory method, the influence of market and channel competition on the equilibrium of brands is studied. The results show that the optimal pricing increases with the increase of market and channel competition under the two sales modes. When the degree of market or channel competition is low, the brand chooses the direct mode; when the market or channel competition is within a certain threshold range, both the direct and mixed modes are applicable; and when the degree of market or channel competition is high, a mixed mode is selected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Green Supply Chain Decision-making Considering Risk Avoidance and Retailer's Falsification Behavior SONG Yinghua, CAO Xuezhu, LIU Dan 2021, 24 (1):  19-26,34.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.003 Abstract ( 1843 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 5492 )   Save The determination of the product green degree and pricing of the second-level green supply chain is focused on. With the retailer's advantage in sales cost information and the existence of false reporting as the background, the supply chain members' risk aversion characteristics are considered, false reporting coefficients are designed, a centralized decision-making game model and manufacturer-led Stackelberg game model are established to get the optimal wholesale price, green degree and retail price in the case of misreporting, and the impact of risk aversion and the degree of misreporting on decision-making is analyzed. The conclusions are verified through a numerical analysis and a parameters sensitivity analysis. The results show that: under centralized decision, the risk aversion of members and the misrepresentation of retailers all lead to a reduction in the wholesale price and greenness of green products. Under decentralized decision, there is an inflection point of the retailer's risk aversion factor and the false reporting behavior has positive and negative effects on the product's optimal wholesale price, greenness, and retail price, respectively;when the false report coefficient is 1.05, the retailer expects profits reach the maximum value; when the false report coefficient changes, the optimal retail price is the most sensitive, followed by the optimal green degree, and finally the optimal wholesale price. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Decision-making of Remanufacturing Closed-loop Supply Chain with Controllable Quality of Recycled Products LU Zhengnan, YANG Peng 2021, 24 (1):  27-34.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.004 Abstract ( 1751 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (783KB) ( 5219 )   Save The decision-making of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under controllable quality of recycled products is studied. Based on a remanufactured closed-loop supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single seller, quality functions and reward functions are introduced. Based on this, a manufacturer-led Stackelberg game model under centralized and decentralized decisions is built. The optimal solution of the model under decision-making conditions, and the effects of the recovered quality on various parameters are analyzed using numerical simulation. Research shows that compared with decentralized decision-making, joint decision-making has higher economic returns and risk sensitivity. Whether it is decentralized decision or joint decision-making, the recovery price and supply chain company profits are positively related to the quality of recovery, and the "market promotion" effect is formed. Consumers' strong green preferences and recycling price preferences can have a positive impact on supply chain profits. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Decision-making and Coordination of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Dual Behavior Preference under Government Intervention SHANG Chunyan, GUAN Zhimin, MI Liyang 2021, 24 (1):  35-43.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.005 Abstract ( 1854 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (948KB) ( 5199 )   Save Considering the dual behavioral preferences of supply chain members in the closed-loop supply chain game model under government rewards and punishment intervention, the influence of decision makers' behavioral preferences on the optimal decision-making and coordination of the closed-loop supply chain is discussed using the risk measurement criterion of mean standard deviation. The results show that the fairness concern of supply chain members is only a means of profits distribution within the closed-loop supply chain system. The fairness concern of retailer and recycler leads the manufacturer to give up part of their profits, thus contributing to the improvement of their own profits. The recycler's risk preference affects the transfer price and the recovery price. When supply chain members take utility maximization as their decision goal, the more risk the recycler likes, the more unfavorable it is to the manufacturer, and the more risk the recycler hates, the more unfavorable it is to the retailer. The effective coordination area is affected by the dual behavior preferences. The supply chain members' excessive concern for fairness, excessive risk preference or excessive risk aversion all make it difficult for the revenue sharing and cost sharing contract to realize supply chain coordination. Therefore, when the behavior preference of supply chain members is within a reasonable range acceptable to each member, the revenue sharing and cost sharing contract can realize Pareto improvement of closed-loop supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dynamic Channel Structure in a Market with Variety-seeking Consumers XIONG Liyang, YU Honglei 2021, 24 (1):  44-51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.006 Abstract ( 1402 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (907KB) ( 5362 )   Save Marketing analysts have shown that some consumers' purchase behavior can be characterized as variety-seeking, i.e., a tendency to shift away from the last brand purchased. Consumers seek variety for many reasons. Generally, most manufacturers indirectly sell products through decentralized and usually independent retailers, i.e., the manufacturers firstly supply products to retailers, and then the retailers sell the products to consumers. However, if these retailers or the third-party distributors cannot deal with the consumers' variety-seeking behaviors efficiently, selling through them may have a negative impact on the manufacturers' profits. A three-stage Hotelling-type model incorporated the classical strategy of supply chain versus supply chain competition. Then, what is the impact of variety seeking to the equilibrium channel structure is discussed in following two situations: 1) the retailers are same, but one manufacturer will bear bargain cost or entry fee if sold through the retailer, 2) the manufacturers are same, but the operating expense of one retailer is not free. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Choice of New Ventures Supply Chain Management Modes under Competition——Emergency Sourcing VS Hunger Marketing ZHEN Ye, WANG Wenli 2021, 24 (1):  52-58.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.007 Abstract ( 1165 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (562KB) ( 5566 )   Save Considering the uncertain demand, the impact of the competition of two heterogeneous supply chains, an incumbent and a new venture, on the strategies of matching the supply and demand are studied using Bertrand model. Equilibrium prices, equilibrium quantities, and variance of the expected profits of the new venture supply chain with the market's basic demand and the product's substitute coefficient are compared between the emergency sourcing strategy and the hunger marketing strategy under random demand. It is shown that when the realized uncertain demand is small, equilibrium prices and equilibrium quantities will not be influenced by the demand response time with the hunger marketing strategy; however, when the realized uncertain demand is large, the optimal price of the retailer in new venture supply chain with the hunger marketing strategy will be higher than the equilibrium price with the emergency sourcing strategy and the retailer's sales volume with the hunger marketing strategy will be lower than the equilibrium quantity with the emergency sourcing strategy. It is also shown that the expected profit of the new venture supply chain with the hunger marketing strategy will also be bigger than that with the emergency sourcing strategy even when the additional emergency cost is zero. Besides, the expected profit increase rate is increasing monotonically in the market's basic demand and decreasing monotonically in the product's substitute coefficient. It means that the hunger marketing strategy is effective to the new venture supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Incentive Contract of Community Supported Agriculture Based on Consumer Risk Aversion SUN Lihui, LYU Jing, ZHANG Lei, GAO Peng 2021, 24 (1):  59-65.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.008 Abstract ( 1246 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (781KB) ( 5439 )   Save To study the impact of risk aversion of investment consumers on the profits and decision-making of fresh agricultural products companies and their cooperation mechanismin in the community supported agriculture system. The demand function impact by freshness and price and the utility function of risk-averse investment consumers and the revenue sharing function of fresh agricultural products companies and investment consumers are constructed. The optimal profits sharing ratio, preservation effort and profit of each participant under the condition of complete and incomplete information were obtained. And its numerical simulation is carried out. It is found that Pareto optimal results exist under complete information. In incomplete information, there is an equilibrium solution.With the increase of risk aversion of investment consumers, the profits of consumers gradually decrease, while the profits of companies and the preservation efforts of investment increase. In the face of risk-averse consumers, the more risk-averse the consumers are, the more efforts company should invest in preservation, to ensure long-term cooperation with consumers and the development of community-supported agriculture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimal Product Warranty Period and Sales Price Design Considering Customers' Different Usage Rates ZHANG Zhaomin, HE Shuguang, KONG Xiangfen 2021, 24 (1):  66-73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.009 Abstract ( 1118 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1570KB) ( 5603 )   Save The optimal one-dimensional warranty period and sales price is designed from the perspective of the manufacturer. Considering the effects of customers' heterogeneous usage rates on filed reliability, the product's failure rate and the expected warranty cost of conducting a minimal repair strategy are proposed. The optimal one-dimensional warranty period and price are jointly designed to maximize the manufacturer's expected profit. Lastly, a case study of a central air-conditioning manufacturer is given to investigate the effects on the optimal designs. The results show that designing an optimal one-dimensional warranty period and sales price strategy is helpful to increase the products' expected profit, especially for the large equipment or system with different customers' usage rates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-objective Home-health-care Staff for the Elderly Routing Optimization Considering Elderly Satisfaction MA Yueru, WEN Zheng, YI Dan 2021, 24 (1):  74-81,103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.010 Abstract ( 1977 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 5730 )   Save Home-health-care is a model of elderly care that suits China's national conditions. While promoting the development of home-health-care, The quality of home-health-care must be improved, and the service resources reasonably optimize, focusing on the actual needs of home-health-care. Firstly, based on the operating cost of home-health-care centers, a service satisfaction function is constructed based on prospective theory that meets the psychological characteristics of the elderly, and a multi-objective scheduling model established for home-health-care staff for the elderly that includes maximization of satisfaction and minimization of cost. Then using the improved genetic algorithm, the Pareto optimal solution set is found; Finally, the analysis of the example shows that the elderly's service satisfaction is higher when their sensitivity to time window is lower, and when the service satisfaction is increased to a certain degree, more costs are needed to support it. In addition, compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, the service satisfaction is increased by about 10% when the operating cost is the same. It not only provides effective decision support for managers, but also improves the service satisfaction of the elderly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Batch Scheduling of Parallel Machines with Different Capacity for Sterilization Process in Medical Equipment Enterprises LIU Xuehong, ZHANG Tao, PENG Zhao, WANG Lei 2021, 24 (1):  82-89.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.011 Abstract ( 1327 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (835KB) ( 5549 )   Save Aiming at the scheduling problem of sterilization process in medical equipment enterprises, a batch scheduling method of parallel machines with different capacities for sterilization process was proposed, and a batch scheduling model of parallel machines with different capacities was established, which aims to minimize the total delay time, minimize the total processing energy consumption and maximize the loading rate of sterilization cabinet. An improved NSGA-III algorithm was proposed to solve the model. In order to obtain a higher quality batch scheduling solution, EDT+MLC heuristic rules were used to generate the initial population in INSGA-III, and a local search strategy was designed to improve the search capability of the algorithm at the later stage of iteration. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and method, a comparative analysis was conducted between the simulation and the traditional scheduling method, and the results show that the model and algorithm have obvious advantages over the traditional scheduling method, which can provide a new idea for the actual production scheduling of medical enterprises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Shared Motorcycle Scheduling Problem Based on Genetic Algorithms WANG Jiuhe, GAO Hui, LIU Huan 2021, 24 (1):  90-96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.012 Abstract ( 1623 )   HTML ( 34 )   PDF (827KB) ( 5655 )   Save In order to reduce the operation cost and scheduling time, the scheduling problem of shared moped is studied. The scheduling of power assisted vehicles and battery distribution are carried out in a unified way. Considering the impact of load on fuel consumption of fuel dispatching vehicles, the scheduling model of power assisted vehicle weight distribution is constructed with the minimum fixed use cost and fuel consumption cost as the objective function. Based on the AP algorithm to divide the area of electronic fence in a large range, to determine the service scope of moped and the location of dispatching center, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the path planning scheme of minimum cost for each area. The validity and feasibility of the model and algorithm are verified by an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on the Influence of Seat Armrest Support on Mouse Operation of VDT Operators SUN Linhui, ZHU Pengye, ZHANG Wei, YUAN Xiaofang 2021, 24 (1):  97-103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.013 Abstract ( 737 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (528KB) ( 5546 )   Save In order to explore the influence of armrest support on the mouse operation of VDT operators, the Dxracer FE0 office seat with adjustable armrest support was adopted. 30 VDT operators were selected as subjects. Mouse operation test was conducted using Aim booster software to obtain test data in two states with and without armrest support. The results show that the mouse click accuracy and hit times are higher when there is armrest support than when there is no armrest support. The average reaction time of mouse clicks with armrest support was higher than that without armrest support. Gender has an impact on mouse click performance. Some suggestions on seat armrest setting are put forward for different mouse operation tasks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research of Environmental and Psychological Factors on Chinese Residents Buying Behavior of New Energy Vehicle: Focus on Tianjin LI Zhi, LIU Ze, ZHANG Lei 2021, 24 (1):  104-110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.014 Abstract ( 770 )   HTML ( 41 )   PDF (457KB) ( 6416 )   Save Consumer demand for new energy vehicles plays an important role in promoting social progress and improving people's living standards. Taking consumers' purchase behavior of new energy vehicles as research objects, based on questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis, taking Tianjin urban residents as an example, the effects of environmental stimuli and psychological factors on the purchase behavior of new energy vehicles and the relationship between various influencing factors on vehicle purchase intentions were studied. The research results show that the purchase behavior of new energy vehicles is more rational, and consumers pay more attention to the quality, performance, service and comfort of new energy vehicles. The research conclusions provide important reference for the development of relevant policies for the automotive industry of relevant government departments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Simulation Research on Intervention of Strategies in Construction Workers' Unsafe Behaviors LI Junting, ZHENG Mingzhu, SAI Yunxiu 2021, 24 (1):  111-116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.015 Abstract ( 1302 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (805KB) ( 5656 )   Save In order to effectively control the unsafe behaviors of construction workers, the intervention model of influencing factors of unsafe behaviors of construction workers was established by using system dynamics method. The dynamic evolution process of unsafe behaviors was simulated by Vensim software, and an intervention experiment was carried out through the simulation data. The final results show that: the level of safety management and individual safety behavior have obvious restraint effect on unsafe behavior of construction workers; after the combination intervention strategies are adopted, the unsafe behavior level of the operators is significantly reduced, and the comprehensive combination intervention strateg based on the "proactive + reactive" thinking has a significant effect on the control of unsafe behavior. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Gap Effect on Target Salience and Visual Search Performance XU Xinran, GUO Xiaoya, YU Ruifeng 2021, 24 (1):  117-122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.016 Abstract ( 944 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (521KB) ( 6211 )   Save The study aimed to investigate the gap effect on the salience of search target and performance in visual search tasks considering two display polarity modes and two angle combination modes. In this study, a three-factor within-subjects design experiment was conducted (11 gap value×2 polarity×2 angle combination). 18 subjects participated in this study and completed a series of visual search tasks under different combinations of gap values, display polarity modes and angle combination modes. The target detection probability and reaction time were measured. The results indicated that the main effects and interaction of gap value and angle combination on target salience were significant while the main effects of gap value and polarity on reaction time were significant. Gap effect showed significant influences on target salience and search performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Diagnosability of Distributed Discrete Event Systems Based on State Estimation DAI Wei, LIU Fuchun, ZHAO Rui, DENG Xiuqin, CUI Honggang 2021, 24 (1):  123-131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.017 Abstract ( 817 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1089KB) ( 5541 )   Save A method for verifying the diagnosability of distributed discrete event systems based on state estimation for distributed discrete event systems is proposed. Firstly, the diagnosability of discrete event systems is formalized. Then a diagnostic verification algorithm for distributed discrete event systems based on state estimation is proposed, and then the necessary and sufficient conditions for the diagnosis of distributed discrete event systems are deduced. Finally, The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by the actual example. Compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not require real-time synchronization of each station. It only requires communication between sites within a limited time delay. When the system scale is large, the time complexity of the algorithm is also significantly reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

A Research on Optimal Order Pricing of Fast Fashion Brand Retailers under New Retail HE Ju, ZHOU Yongsheng, ZHOU Linyun 2021, 24 (1):  132-139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.018 Abstract ( 1144 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 5521 )   Save Based on the essence of "new retail = online + offline + logistics", with the goal of maximizing profit, an order pricing decision model based on accounts receivable financing is constructed, and the order pricing problem of fast fashion brand retailers is studied. The research results show that the logistics service level of fast fashion retailers will affect retailers' order pricing decisions. When the commodity update frequency remains unchanged, for retailers with low logistics service levels, the profit under centralized decision-making is greater than that under decentralized decision-making; while for retailers with higher logistics service level, the profit under centralized decision-making is less than that under decentralized decision-making. When the logistics service level is fixed, with the acceleration of the update frequency, the profit of retailers under decentralized decision-making will decrease, and the profit under centralized decision-making will increase. Finally, relevant suggestions are put forward for the good development of fast fashion retailers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Remanufacturing Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Supply Disruption in Uncertain Environment WANG Zhen, GUO Jianquan 2021, 24 (1):  140-146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.019 Abstract ( 1168 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (776KB) ( 5459 )   Save In order to study the impact of supply disruption on the remanufactured closed-loop supply chain in the environment of uncertain demand and recycling quality, a total system cost model was established. To solve the model, the fuzzy opportunity constraint programming method is used to solve the uncertainty problem in the model, and the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Algorithm are used to solve the problem. The results show that: under different levels of demand and recovery quality, the cost of the company varies; the average total cost increases with the increase in the probability of supply disruption. Therefore, when remanufacturing enterprises are facing an environment with uncertain demand and recycling quality, they should try their best to avoid supply disruption and formulate an operation plan in line with the development of the enterprise. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Resource Allocation in Mass Customization under Cloud Environment LI Xue, LI Fang 2021, 24 (1):  147-154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.01.020 Abstract ( 1017 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (830KB) ( 5417 )   Save The traditional mass customization production model cannot meet the increasingly personalized product market changes, the products cannot be produced in batches, and the cost and time are increased in the production process. In response to this problem, based on the background environment of cloud manufacturing, a production model for mass customization products in the cloud environment is proposed, and a multi-objective optimization function model established which includes total production time, total production cost, and total product quality, and uses the NSGA-II algorithm to solve the model and the resource allocation problem in the model operation is studied. Finally, a numerical example is verified with a model airplane engine, that the model can obtain the optimal production plan to solve the problem of resource optimization allocation in the production process of mass customization products in the cloud environment. References | Related Articles | Metrics