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30 April 2021, Volume 24 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Pricing Policy and Channel Selection of Manufacturer Considering Channel Operating Cost Difference LIANG Xi, LIANG Lunhai 2021, 24 (2):  1-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.001 Abstract ( 1695 )   HTML ( 44 )   PDF (832KB) ( 5505 )   Save Considering the characteristics of different online distribution models, online channel are divided into direct selling dual-channel, online reselling and agency selling dual-channel. The pricing strategy and channel selection in supply chain comprising a dominant manufacturer, a traditional retailer and a online retailer under three types of mixed distribution channels are explored. The results show that the lowest product prices are observed under the agency model, and the relationship between direct selling model and reselling model is influenced by channel preference. As the operating cost of online or offline channels increases, manufacturers will reduce the wholesale prices of corresponding channel products, and retail prices are positively correlated with their own channel costs. When the cost of the manufacturer's self-built platform is low, the manufacturer should choose the online direct selling model; however, when the cost of the manufacturer's self-built platform is high and the service efficiency of the agency model is low enough, the manufacturer should choose the online distribution mode, and otherwise the manufacturer should choose the agency model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Cold Chain Logistics Service Provider Selection Based on Rough PSO-BP Neural Network WANG Jiuhe, LIU Huan, GAO Hui 2021, 24 (2):  10-18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.002 Abstract ( 1527 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 5420 )   Save In order to help cold chain food production enterprises to select the best cold chain logistics service providers quickly, a rough PSO-BP neural network model was constructed by integrating rough set and particle swarm algorithm on the basis of traditional BP neural network. The model uses rough set to eliminate the redundant information in the original data and make the input index more compact. Particle swarm optimization is used instead of gradient descent to train the weights of the neural network, so that the output results are not easily trapped in local minimal and the generalization ability of the network is enhanced. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity and feasibility of the model. The results show that while improving the operation speed, the prediction error of the model is 40.94% of the BP neural network model, and the prediction result is more accurate and reliable, which provides a new method for the cold chain food production enterprises to quickly select the best cold chain logistics service provider. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Contract Selection for Inventory Financing with Effort Level Affecting the Loss of Pledged Goods HOU Yanlong, WANG Wenli, FENG Jiaodi 2021, 24 (2):  19-26,67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.003 Abstract ( 1024 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (808KB) ( 5348 )   Save In the case that the pledge is a type of consumable item, the contract selection of encouraging a logistics company by a bank in inventory financing business is studied. Considering that the level of effort affects the loss of pledges, a model of Stackleberg competition game is constructed. By comparing the expected profits of the bank and the logistics company under the three business models of joint operation, entrusted supervision and unified credit, the contract choices of the bank in the case of the loss of pledges, and the impact of the logistics company' effort cost coefficient, and pledge and item loss rate on contract selection under different contract models are explored. It is shown that the bank should choose the joint operation mode when the logistics company's effort cost coefficient is small, and consigning supervision mode when the loss rate of the goods is small, in other cases, the bank should choose the unified credit mode cooperating with the logistics company and set smaller pledge rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on the Decision-Making of Closed-loop Supply Chain under the Leadership of Manufacturer LI Fang, MA Yan, WANG Haoli 2021, 24 (2):  27-33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.004 Abstract ( 1710 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (952KB) ( 5497 )   Save Aiming at the problem that remanufacturing cost saving and effort level affect the recycling decision-making of closed-loop supply chain members, three different recycling models of M-mode, R-mode and T-mode under the guidance of manufacturer are constructed, and a model built by using Stackelberg game knowledge, and solves unit price, recycling quantity and recycler profit in the recycling process of closed-loop supply chain solved by using mathematical optimization method. By using the method of comparative analysis, the optimal decision of mixed recovery in closed-loop supply chain is obtained. The research shows that remanufacturing can promote the recovery of the main body when the cost saving is large; the increase of the recovery effort cost coefficient makes the profits of node enterprises and the overall profits of closed-loop supply chain system show a downward trend, and finally, the rationality of the conclusion is verified by using an example. The research provides an effective reference for the best pricing strategy of each entity in the supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

LIRP Model and Algorithm Considering Carbon Emission and Time Windows WANG Ning, ZHANG Yuping, ZHAO Jiao, JIN Ziyang 2021, 24 (2):  34-42.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.005 Abstract ( 1665 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (708KB) ( 5387 )   Save With the increasing number of vehicles in the city, the impact of vehicle exhaust on the environment is more and more great, and enterprises have higher and higher requirements on time. However, the traditional study of LIRP seldom considers the factors of energy saving and emission reduction. Aiming at the integrated optimization research of enterprise logistics, based on the traditional LIRP, the two factors of carbon emission cost and time window penalty cost are comprehensively considered to solve the problem of urban vehicle distribution. The location, inventory and path problems are studied in an integrated way, establishing a LIRP model with the objective of minimizing the economic cost, and solving the problem with the improved differential evolution algorithm. Through an analysis of different scale examples, the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the differential evolution algorithm designed are verified, which can save the cost of enterprise distribution and provide a certain reference value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality Strategy of Pooling Production in a Decentralized Supply Chain JIANG Yixiu, SONG Bingliang 2021, 24 (2):  43-48,84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.006 Abstract ( 1352 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 5349 )   Save Employing the Tullock contest success function, a noncooperative game model is established to explain how the players compete in the quality contest. The strategy of pooling production definitely brings supplier's quality improvement with comparison to outsourcing while conditionally making the manufacturer's product quality higher than in-house manufacturing. The manufacturer prefers pooling production to outsourcing and in-house manufacturing if the wholesale price charged by the supplier is sufficient low enough. However, the supplier could be hurt by the implementation of pooling production when comparing with outsourcing. Additionally, the manufacturer may prefer a fiercer contest, while the supplier may enjoy a more temperate contest. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Road-Rail Multimodal Transportation Routing Optimization of Fresh Products Considering High-speed Rail Time Window and Customer Satisfaction LI Yumin, QIU Meng, HEI Bolin, FANG Zengli 2021, 24 (2):  49-56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.007 Abstract ( 2254 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (910KB) ( 5393 )   Save In the context of high-speed rail participation in freight, according to fresh product transportation demand of small freight volume and high time efficiency, it is proposed to apply "highway + high-speed railway" as a method to rapid multimodal transportation of fresh products. Taking the minimum total cost as the target, and constrained by the high-speed rail service time windows and customer satisfaction, an optimization model is constructed for selecting the road-rail multimodal transportation route and deciding the transportation mode of fresh products based on fuzzy demand. Taking "Harbin-Kunming" transportation path as an example, the result calculated by Lingo12.0 shows that the road-rail multimodal transportation mode is better than single transportation mode in terms of total cost and customer satisfaction, and this new transportation mode enjoys more cost advantage than road-air multimodal transportation. The sensitivity analysis method is applied to explore the impact of changes in confidence level, customer satisfaction constraint and time satisfaction constraint on the total cost. The results verify the validity of the model and provide a useful reference for the decision of fresh products' road-rail multimodal transportation route. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Synchronized Decision-Making Method for Highly Dynamic Production System Based on Digital-twin JIANG Hongfei, QU Ting, ZHANG Kai, HUANG George Q 2021, 24 (2):  57-67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.008 Abstract ( 1962 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 5547 )   Save The random and highly dynamic interference caused by individual requirements makes it more difficult for the production system to operate efficiently. How to build a multi-unit online synchronized decision-making method for high dynamic interference to support the efficient and collaborative operation of each production unit has become a key challenge. Taking the multi-unit synchronized operation of modular production as the research object, a multi-unit synchronized decision-making architecture, mechanism, and model based on digital twins are built. Through real-time accurate mapping and dynamic virtual simulation, online collaborative operation and autonomous synchronized decision-making of highly dynamic production systems are realized. Finally, the multi-unit synchronized operation of a large chemical company is taken as an example to verify that the method proposed can achieve the coordinated operation of complex multi-unit production system under high dynamic interference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Behaviors Management of Prefabricated Building Safety Groups Based on PT-MA Theory ZHUANG Li, MA Tingting, LIU Shuo, LIU Lanmei 2021, 24 (2):  68-76,118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.009 Abstract ( 1550 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 5544 )   Save In order to improve the quality of construction safety management, the Prospect Theory (PT)-Mental Accounts(MA) theory is introduced into the decision-making process of traditional dynamic game of prefabricated construction worker and regulator group. A prospect return–payment value perception matrix is constructed, achieving the "Pareto state" of evolutionary system under different conditions. In addition, Matlab algorithm verification is constructed to analyze the evolutionary path of the impact of parameter changes on behavior. The simulation results show that prefabricated building construction safety behavior management system is modulated by four key factors including revenue-payment perception deviations, optimism bias, risk appetite and value perception reference points, and has different evolution trend with the change of key factor parameters. If and only if the construction group attaches importance to safety behavior and the regulators implements supervision functions, that is, M＞0, N＞0, U＞0, K＞0, the system will evolve to the optimal state. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evolution Game and Simulation on Government Incentive and Social Capital Effort in PPP Project LIU Jiaqi, LIU Jicai, LEI Xiaoying 2021, 24 (2):  77-84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.010 Abstract ( 1477 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (795KB) ( 5691 )   Save In PPP projects, the government's incentive strategy is an important mechanism to restrain the social capital's speculation that does not pay effort. To analyze the replication dynamics and evolutionary stability of both sides in the decision-making interaction, and improve the incentive mechanism of the government in the PPP project, based on the game theory, the payoff matrix and the dynamic evolutionary game model of the interaction between the strategy of government incentive and social capital effort behavior are constructed. Through the discussion of model parameters and Matlab numerical simulation, it is found that strategies (not giving incentive, and not making effort), (not giving incentive, but making effort), (giving incentive, and making effort) may become evolutionary stable strategy, when the different parameter is set in the system, reflecting individual behavior of decision-making has a certain influence on group's behavior decision. The results of numerical simulation show that when the social capital does not pay effort, the government will not definitely give an incentive, and the government prefers the incentive method of afterwards reward in the incentive strategy. Therefore, in the process of PPP project operation, the government should give appropriate incentives to social capital before the behavior occurs, so as to make social capital willing to make efforts, and in the later decision-making process, according to the level of efforts and performance of social capital, the incentive method of afterwards reward is adopted to supervise social capital. The research findings provide suggestions for setting up the incentive mechanism of PPP project reasonably. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on the Supplier's Innovation Investment Considering Fairness Preference under Different Contracts SHAO Bilin, WANG Lijun 2021, 24 (2):  85-91,124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.011 Abstract ( 1068 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (988KB) ( 5537 )   Save Considering a supply chain consisting of a supplier and a manufacturer, the theory of fairness preference, the effects of supplier's fairness preference on his innovation investment is explored. By establishing a supply chain decision model with Stackelberg games under wholesale price contract, research cost sharing contract and revenue sharing contract, the effects of fairness preference coefficient on supply chain equilibrium strategy under different contracts are compared and analyzed. The results show that the level of supplier innovation and supply chain's utility under research cost-sharing contract are always higher than other contracts. The level of supplier innovation and the supply chain overall utility under revenue sharing contract is higher than that of wholesale price contract. The utility of manufacturer and the supplier under wholesale price contract and revenue sharing contract is related to the fair preference coefficient of the supplier and the supplier retained utility under revenue sharing contract. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Manufacturer Quality and Service Decision Considering Product Returns WU Pengxing, HE Xinhua, HU Wenfa 2021, 24 (2):  92-99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.012 Abstract ( 1149 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (767KB) ( 5584 )   Save The secondary online shopping service supply chain consisting of a manufacturing enterprise and consumers is considered, and a decision-making model of product return and service level of online channels is constructed under the influence of product quality, market demand, price and other related factors. The impact of changes in the sensitivity coefficients of these related factors on the amount of product returns and the manufacturer's optimal decisions are studied, and the comparison is verified through analysis of examples. The results show that with the price sensitivity coefficient improved, and the manufacturer's optimal price, the optimal quality level and the optimal service level are reduced, the quantity of product returns will increase. With the improvement of the service level sensitivity coefficient or the quality level sensitivity coefficient, the manufacturer's optimal price, the optimal quality level and the optimal service level will all increase, and the quantity of product returns will be reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

Production Quality Improvement of Steering Shaft Based on DMAIC CHEN Honggen, YAN Xin, NIU Xiaojuan, ZHANG Yan 2021, 24 (2):  100-109,124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.013 Abstract ( 997 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1525KB) ( 5934 )   Save The six sigma DMAIC model is used to improve the quality of XinH's Z steering shaft, which is an important part of the recirculating ball steering gear. Firstly, through the analysis of SIPOC flowchart and Pareto diagram, it was found that the quality point needing improvement was the out-of-tolerance of grinding outer roundness; Secondly, in view of the analysis clearly improving quality point, in the use of MSA (measurement systems analysis) and process capability analysis and other methods for measuring system based on determine process capability and process, key combination of FTA(Fault tree analysis) and method of general linear model analysis were used to determine the key influence factors for the center hole run out, with the root cause analysis to find out the cause of center hole to beat large hydraulic clamping device for clamping pressure; Finally, the optimal interval of pressure value determined by regression analysis, the comprehensive improvement scheme developed and implemented, and the improvement result monitored. The improvement results showed that the unqualified rate of the improved Z steering shaft decreased from 8% before the improvement to 1.6%, and the unqualified rate was effectively controlled, achieving the established goal of quality improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Genetic Algorithm-Iterative Greedy Algorithm for a Kind of Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem ZENG Chuangfeng, LIU Jianjun, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning 2021, 24 (2):  110-118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.014 Abstract ( 1456 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 5433 )   Save A deliberation is conducted on the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with job processing constraints and sequence-dependent setup times (UPMSP_JPCSST), that is, the same job has a number of alternative heterogeneous machines for processing, and the setup time of adjacent jobs on the same machine is determined by the product type and material type attributes. The objective is to minimize the total completion time and formulates a mixed integer programming model. Considering the higher requirements of practical production on the quality, convergence speed and robustness of the solution algorithm, a hybrid algorithm (genetic algorithm-iterated greedy algorithm, GAIG) is constructed. Firstly, the destruction and construction mechanism of an iterative greedy strategy is embedded in the genetic mutation operation to improve the population diversity of the algorithm. Secondly, a fast local search algorithm based on destruction and construction operation is introduced to enhance the local development ability of the algorithm; and finally, a series of calculation cases are generated randomly based on the relevant characteristics of actual production data, and the advantages of the proposed new hybrid algorithm over the traditional hybrid algorithm are illustrated through experiments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reliability Parameter Estimation of Mining Equipment Based on GM-noise SVR Method WANG He, WU Zhenbo, XU Tian, WANG Zhiqiang, LIU Chao 2021, 24 (2):  119-124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.015 Abstract ( 923 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (683KB) ( 5511 )   Save A parameter estimation method based on GM-noise SVR is proposed to effectively estimate the parameters of the three-parameter Weibull distribution reliability model of mining equipment under the condition of small samples. The method is based on grey estimation method (GM), and then a ε-band support vector regression (ε-SVR) training model based on training sample number and noise parameter optimization is established. The location parameter, scale parameter and shape parameter of the three-parameter Weibull distribution model are estimated sequentially, and the reliability of the equipment analyzed and predicted through fitting the three-parameter Weibull distribution function. The results of the example show that the GM-noise SVR method can be well used to estimate the reliability model parameters of mining equipment. The location parameter, scale parameters and shape parameter of the three-parameter Weibull distribution of a certain type of belt conveyor estimated to be 3.1525, 188.376, 1.0476, the mean time between failures is 188 hours, and the normalized root mean square error is 0.0519, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Take-away Delivery Task Selection in Crowdsourcing DAI Tao, SHEN Jing 2021, 24 (2):  125-133.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.016 Abstract ( 1218 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (986KB) ( 6035 )   Save Nearly all the take-away platforms provide opportunities of part-time delivery service. Compared with full-time staff, part-time deliverers have several features when they participate in crowdsourcing delivery, including "multiple delivery path, limited working time, fixed destination and etc". Considering these characters, a research is made on take-away distribution task selection and task routing problem in crowdsourcing mode and a two-layer algorithm is proposed in order to enhance deliverers' efficiency and raise their revenue. A delivery routing problem model is built in the bottom layer, and solved with improved genetic algorithm. The upper layer adopts greedy algorithm and compares delivery revenue according to the model in the bottom layer to select tasks, so that the crowdsourcing workers' revenue can reach the largest level. A numerical case is given to test and verify the effectiveness of model and algorithm, the solving time increases linearly with the number of potential orders. In practice, this method can achieve a relatively high-quality solution in an acceptable time when the scale of alternate orders has been controlled. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Online Retailer Optimal Splitting Problem Based on Improved Greedy Association Algorithm ZHONG Liwen, JIANG Tongqiang 2021, 24 (2):  134-140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.017 Abstract ( 858 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (798KB) ( 5616 )   Save For the scene where the online retailer has multiple warehouses in one region and only considers the case of split due to stock item, is a model established for maximizing the entire order distribution, and the stock item allocation method is studied, to improve the existing algorithms to optimize the items stored in the distribution center to further reduce the order split rate. Aiming at the problem of the Greedy Order Algorithm and the Greedy Hot Sale Algorithm not considering the relationship between items, and combining with Apriori Algorithm, the algorithm is optimized and designed, and a Greedy Association Algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses a new method of item allocation to find the stock items with strong correlation, and priority is given to the stock items with strong correlation.The experimental results show that compared with the Greedy Order Algorithm and the Greedy Sales Algorithm, the improved algorithm can significantly reduce the rate of order splitting by approximately 8% and 11%, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Bi-level Optimization Model for Logistics Distribution Center Location Problem under Customer Delay Cost HUANG Lu, JI Yanguang 2021, 24 (2):  141-147.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.018 Abstract ( 1413 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (582KB) ( 5447 )   Save To optimize logistics distribution center location problem for distribution network under potential delay risk, a bi-level programming model with the factors of delivery time and distribution distance is put forward. The upper level is to minimize the cost of location network, and the lower level is the customer loss utility. According to the characteristic of bi-level programming model, hierarchical genetic algorithm is set up to solve this model, and the model is applied in a specific case. A numerical analysis suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the location cost and the customer loss utility, which proves the effectiveness of the model and the feasibility of algorithm. A solution for distribution center location of multilayer level programming is set up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Logistics Node Location Problem with Curved Demands Considering Facility Reliability ZHOU Hao, ZHOU Jianqin 2021, 24 (2):  148-154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.019 Abstract ( 1097 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (939KB) ( 5323 )   Save In order to solve the problem of logistics node location for construction materials of the transportation routes, the constraint of material transportation time is considered under the premise that service routes and demand density are given, and a mathematical model is established with the objective function to minimize the sum of transportation cost and time penalty. For the purpose of solving the model, based on the classic p-median location model, the line integration is used to replace the discrete points to represent the demand of a line. The objective function is proved to be convex within a given interval, and solved by the combined algorithm of parabolic interpolation method and golden section search. Through a comparative study on whether to consider the reliability of two facilities location results, and a sensitivity analysis of the impact of the correlation between reliability on the location results, the final example analysis shows that improving reliability can reduce the total operating cost of the location system compared without considering reliability; at the same time, it quantitatively characterizes the impact of the correlation between reliability on the location result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Multi-level Express Outlets Layout under Network Sharing and Change WANG Bingyi, ZHANG Jin 2021, 24 (2):  155-165.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.02.020 Abstract ( 1442 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (800KB) ( 5389 )   Save Considering the diversification of customer demand, the sharing of logistics outlets and other practical problems, combined with customer satisfaction and the service efficiency function of terminal outlets, a double-level planning model of express outlet location considering the sharing of outlets, the service mode of terminal outlets and the variable capacity is constructed. According to the characteristics of the model, the genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the problem, and the initialization process of population is designed considering the node mode and capacity change. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm are proved by an example. By comparing with the two location selection methods of considering sharing without considering change and considering change without considering share, the model considering both sharing and change is better in total system cost, customer satisfaction, network service efficiency, etc. In addition, the experimental results show that when the cost weight exceeds a certain value, the cost reduction space decreases gradually, and the speed of customer satisfaction and service efficiency decreases is faster than that of cost reduction. References | Related Articles | Metrics