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30 June 2021, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model with Remanufacturing Investment CAO Bingru, ZHU Bowen 2021, 24 (3):  1-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.001 Abstract ( 1641 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (589KB) ( 5103 )   Save With the development of circular economy, enterprises invest more in the recycling of discarded products, saving energy and materials to improve the corporate profits and fulfill social responsibility. To solve the closed-loop supply chain problem of enterprise recycling and remanufacturing, a two-tier closed-loop supply chain network, with the manufacturer recycling and the remanufacturer investing capital to improve the remanufacturing rate of recycled products, is constructed. The investment function of remanufacturing rate is established. The equilibrium theory and variational inequality theory are used to describe the decision-making behavior of the decision-maker. The minimization of emission is considered based on the maximization of profit. By using the modified projection algorithm, the optimal production decision of enterprises under different recovery standards and subsidy policies in the network is solved, and the impact of the investment efficiency of the enterprise on the equilibrium decision-making analyzed. The results show that the increase of the minimum recovery standard will reduce the environmental emissions, while the increase of the recovery subsidy will lead to the increase of the emissions. The higher the efficiency of remanufacturing investment, the more obvious the effect is. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Platform-Selling Mode Selection Considering Optimal Pricing and Quality Decision GUAN Zhenzhong, HUANG Qiujie, ZHANG Aifeng 2021, 24 (3):  10-17.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.002 Abstract ( 1559 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (915KB) ( 5221 )   Save In order to study e-commerce platform and the manufacturer's choice of product selling mode, four mathematical models, the reselling and the agency selling model with product quality endogenous and quality exogenous respectively, are set up. The optimal pricing and quality strategies are formulated through backward induction. And the validity of main results is verified through a numerical analysis. The results indicate that the platform marginal operating costs and market heterogeneity codetermine the market coverage. The platform and the manufacturer can choose the optimal selling strategy according to different sales environments. When the product quality is exogenous, the platform and the manufacturer make the same retailing price, and are in conflict with each other in the choice of product selling mode. With endogenous quality, when the marginal operating cost of the platform is low and the market consumer heterogeneity is large, both the platform and the manufacturer choose the agency selling mode, and both realize Pareto improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Influence of Manufacturers' Production Cost Structure on Their Online Sales Model Selection NIE Jiajia, HU Yuanxiao 2021, 24 (3):  18-25,33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.003 Abstract ( 1520 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (767KB) ( 5267 )   Save Considering that the manufacturer's production cost is linear and non-linear, the manufacturer's selection strategy for online sales model under different production cost structure is explored. The Stackelberg game model between the manufacturer and the e-commerce platform is constructed, and the optimal profit of both sides under different strategies is obtained by using reverse induction, so as to obtain the conditions for both sides to achieve a win-win situation. The study finds that regardless of the manufacturers' production cost structure, their preference for the sales model is related to the commission ratio. When the commission ratio is low, they choose the online agency selling model. When the commission ratio is high, they choose the online reselling model. Moreover, the interests of manufacturers and e-commerce platforms are not always opposed, and when the commission ratio is moderate or high, both sides can achieve a win-win situation. In addition, in the case of diseconomies of scale, the consumer surplus and social welfare of the two sales models are negatively correlated with the diseconomies of scale coefficient, and the online agency selling model is more affected by the diseconomies of scale coefficient. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Optimal Decision on Joint Pricing of Products and Shipping Fees for the Online Retailer TIAN Junfeng, TIAN Jinsong 2021, 24 (3):  26-33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.004 Abstract ( 1331 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (847KB) ( 5227 )   Save Consumers have different perceptions of shipping fees and sellers' preferences for online shopping. Through an analysis of the consumer purchasing behavior and the characterization of utility functions, the optimization decisions of bundled pricing and partitioned pricing are studied when online retailers are engaged in the joint pricing of products and shipping fees. The combination formats of price competition are discussed between online retailers. The available options for the optimal pricing are put forward, and the boundary and appropriate conditions for price decisions are demonstrated. It is revealed that the equilibrium is stable in symmetrical competition using bundled pricing between online retailers, and the relative size discipline of the profits under various competitive equilibriums. The conclusions show that the options of price decision are determined by the online retailer's product cost. For the given product cost, the boundary of each price decision depends on the attributes of consumers in the market, that is, the proportion of shipping-fee skeptics and the consumers' preference for sellers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Dynamic Evolution of Altruism Preference in Supply Chain Based on Evolutionary Game QIN Yanhong, BAI Meng, LIN Qiang 2021, 24 (3):  34-45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.005 Abstract ( 1455 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 5291 )   Save Considering the altruism preference of supply chain members and the dynamic evolution of supply chain, the corresponding decision models under linear demand and nonlinear demand are established. Firstly, the equilibrium strategies of supplier-retailer game are analyzed in the short term. Then, the evolutionary game theory is used to analyze independent evolution and interactive evolution of supplier-retailer game in the long term. Finally, the supply chain members' equilibrium strategies are compared under two demand conditions and the influence of retailers' altruism preference on the members' strategies studied. The results show that the supplier's equilibrium strategy relies on the retailer's strategy in the short term, but the retailer's equilibrium strategy is not affected by the supplier's. In the short term, the retailer always chooses altruism strategy. In the long term, the supplier always chooses incentive strategy and the retailer always chooses altruism preference strategy. Furthermore, the retailer's altruism preference can maximize his utility and increase the supplier's profit. It is also found that the retailer's altruism preference can help to promote cooperation among members in supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Supply Chain Competition & Cooperation under Supply Disruption and Demand Disturbance WANG Jiguang, FENG Qiqing, QI Kai 2021, 24 (3):  46-53,59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.006 Abstract ( 1413 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (755KB) ( 5409 )   Save Under the scenario of supply disruption and demand disturbance, considering a two-tier supply chain with two suppliers and one retailer, three game models, in cooperation, static noncooperation and nested static noncooperation, are proposed. The strategies of the retailer purchasing and the supplier pricing are studied under the centralized/decentralized supplier's competition & cooperation. Empirical results show that the decentralized supplier will achieve maximized profit when demand increases while the centralized supply chain will achieve maximized profit when demand decreases. And after a tradeoff between order cost and supply stability, the retailer will prefer to cooperate with the stable supplier; when supply and demand are both uncertain, only the stable supplier will be affected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Order Picking Strategy Based on Cooperation of Pickers QIAN Wuyong, WANG Wenxiang 2021, 24 (3):  54-59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.007 Abstract ( 1001 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (604KB) ( 5463 )   Save A research is conducted on the problem of picking jams in the single block manual operation system during the picking process by multiple pickers, a picking path model based on cooperation is built, and picking jams reduced by exchanging picking orders and dynamically adjusting the picking path. The case results show that, compared with the S-type strategy, it is found that the cooperation strategy has obvious advantages in reducing picking jams and shortening order service time. Finally, from the perspective of controllable factors affecting the efficiency of the picking operation, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to understand the specific performance of the cooperation strategy to optimize the efficiency of the picking operation in different situations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Coordination Strategy of Low Carbon Supply Chain under Cap-and-trade Mechanism LIU Hao, FAN Yuqing, ZHANG Shiqing 2021, 24 (3):  60-67,82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.008 Abstract ( 1401 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 5475 )   Save In order to achieve the perfect coordination of the low-carbon supply chain, a two-level supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is constructed under the carbon cap-and-trade mechanism. Using the method of game theory, the optimal decision under centralized and decentralized decision-making is obtained. Then, based on this, two coordination contracts are proposed. Finally, the influence of relevant parameters on the equalization result is analyzed through numerical simulation. The study finds that the revenue sharing-cost sharing contract cannot achieve the perfect coordination of the supply chain, but the wholesale price-cost sharing contract can. In addition, the government should strengthen environmental protection publicity and cultivate consumers' low-carbon awareness. At the same time, it should reasonably control carbon prices and balance the profits of supply chain members. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Batch Scheduling with Non-identical Job Sizes Considering Parallel Processes TANG Hongtao, YANG Zhipeng, LIU Jiayi 2021, 24 (3):  68-76,114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.009 Abstract ( 1235 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 5558 )   Save Considering that the batch process is multi-constrained with non-identical job sizes in foundry enterprises, a parallel process batch scheduling model is constructed, with the maximum makespan and sandbox vacancy rate as the optimization objective on the premise that the job can be parallel, an improved harmony search algorithm designed to solve the scheduling model, and a single process code method and two machine allocation rules proposed to solve the problems of batch division, sandbox selection, process allocation and machine selection. In the algorithm, a new harmony generation method is proposed. At the same time, the simulated annealing algorithm is added to make it jump out of the local optimal solution and tend to the global optimal solution. Finally, a simulation experiment is carried out based on the actual production data of the enterprise to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Intelligent Prediction Model of Body Size Assembly Quality Based on XGBoost Algorithm DONG Hai, FENG Ye 2021, 24 (3):  77-82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.010 Abstract ( 952 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (645KB) ( 5511 )   Save Aiming at the problems of long processing time and low accuracy of the traditional machine learning method in the multi-level manufacturing system of the automobile, an intelligent prediction model of body size and assembly quality based on XGBoost is proposed to solve the problem of accurate predictive control of the multi-level manufacturing system body assembly. Firstly, the multi-level assembly process of the car body is analyzed, the data samples processed, and the absolute correlation matrix of different feature elements established based on Spearman coefficients. Secondly, through a real-time collection, cleaning and mining analysis of relevant data in the production process, the data analysis process and data processing framework are proposed, an intelligent prediction model of body size and assembly quality based on XGBoost established, and the effective evaluation of model performance conducted to ensure accurate control of body size assembly. Finally, an example shows that the XGBoost quality intelligent prediction model can solve the problem of car body assembly quality control in multi-level manufacturing systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Improved FMEA Risk Assessment Method Based on Comprehensive Empowerment ZHAO Yixiang, LIAO Feifei, WANG Han 2021, 24 (3):  83-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.011 Abstract ( 924 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (589KB) ( 5893 )   Save With respect to the problems that the traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method does not consider the risk factor weight and the risk factor weight is difficult to determine, a comprehensive weighted improved FMEA risk assessment method was proposed. FMEA team evaluated the object and FMEA range, listed all potential failure modes, scored the failure mode, and obtained all expert scoring evaluation tables. The linguistic variables which could be transformed into intuitionistic fuzzy numbers were used to represent evaluation information of failure modes. The IFHW operator, which combined the subjective weight determined by the AHP method and the objective weight determined by the data itself, was used to aggregate the evaluation information to obtain the score function of all failure modes. The final ranking of all failure modes were selected based on the risk maximization principle. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by FMEA analysis of the electrospinning equipment and comparison with other methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Prediction Model of Route Passenger Flow Interval Sequence Based on Grey-periodic Extension WANG Yu, CHE Tong, YAN Shilin 2021, 24 (3):  89-95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.012 Abstract ( 904 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (522KB) ( 5583 )   Save To solve the forecasting problem of the stochastic passenger flow volume with the characteristic of poor information, small sample and non-informative prior distribution pattern, the upper and lower bound information of the passenger flow time series of these routes were extracted and a preference value was added into the middle to form a ternary interval number structure. This structure contained three elements, namely, left boundary point, middle point and right boundary point. Then this ternary interval number data structure was transformed into three independent time series, namely, a left and a right radius time series as well as a center time series. The gray system theory was used to establish a route passenger flow prediction model, and the gray extension model was then used to compensate the residual sequence obtained by the above model. The passenger transportation volume data of civil aviation ranging from 2004 to 2019 was used to conduct the verification analysis. The result shows that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) resulting from ARIMA method is 6.77% as opposed to 1.66% from the use of the grey-periodic extensional combinatorial model. Therefore, the latter has a significant advantage in short-term prediction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Preventive Maintenance Policy of Parallel Systems with Intermediate Buffer LYU Xiaolei, LIU Qinming, YE Chunming, LI Guanlin 2021, 24 (3):  96-103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.013 Abstract ( 1102 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 5551 )   Save To improve the continuity of parallel production process, a parallel system preventive maintenance model (3M1B) considering buffer stocks allocation is proposed. The possibility of imperfect production of the equipment is considered, that is, when the equipment becomes incomplete, there is a certain probability to produce defective products. The strategy of optimal preventive maintenance and the buffer stocks allocation are devised by establishing the preventive maintenance model with the minimum production cost rate as the objective function and taking the buffer stocks and equipment operation cycle as the decision variables. For this maintenance model, the discrete iteration algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to solve the problem, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two algorithms are compared. The results show that the discrete iteration algorithm is better than the genetic algorithm for this model. At the end, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified by a numerical example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

Proactive Scheduling of Multi-location Final-assembly Operations with Uncertain Material Kitting Time LI Sihan, MO Chaoxiong, LIU Jianjun, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning 2021, 24 (3):  104-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.014 Abstract ( 1288 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (1025KB) ( 5527 )   Save The final assembly of the customized production line has the characteristics of project-style operation, manual assembly at the customer's site, and a large number of materials required. The assembly teams need travel time to deploy between each customer's site, and the assembly materials are difficult to be prepared as scheduled, which is easy to cause assembly teams and materials wait for each other, thereby extending the production lead time of such production lines. In order to reduce the waiting waste and shorten the delivery time, this paper makes a proactive consideration of the final assembly operation. First established under uncertainty environment more proactive sexual assembly operation scheduling mathematical model, then the robustness of reconciliation with quality robustness as the optimization goal, constructs the binding buffer insertion strategy and sampling time simulation technology of non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) to solve the problem, finally the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by a practical sample. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Large-scale Base Station Maintenance Optimization and Fleet Planning ZHOU You, ZHU Wenbin 2021, 24 (3):  115-120,160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.015 Abstract ( 979 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (560KB) ( 5465 )   Save The multi-vehicle routing problem of large-scale base station outage maintenance is studied, aiming to minimize the weighted sum of the loss caused by the outage of the base station and the vehicle travelling cost under the condition of limited operation and maintenance capacity. The differences and difficulties between this problem and the traditional pickup-and-delivery problem are analyzed, and a mixed integer programming model of dynamic multi-stage vehicle routing established by using graph theory model, the decision of base station charging volume assisted by using inventory theory and vehicles' service and routing constrained through soft time window, and finally a dynamic algorithm framework is designed based on local optimal insertion and variable neighborhood search for optimal solution. Several examples based on the real data generated by China Tower Corp. Ltd. show that the algorithm can significantly reduce the operation and maintenance cost and help the company to plan the scale of the fleet. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Digital Twin System Orienting Robotic Mobile Fulfillment System PENG Hui, ZHAO Ning, SUN Yangjun 2021, 24 (3):  121-129.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.016 Abstract ( 1444 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (956KB) ( 5626 )   Save Digital twin technology is used to study the robotic mobile fulfillment systems (RMFS). The digital twin modeling approach corresponding to RMFS is proposed and an example of the digital twin is presented. Experimental results shows the mechanism of AVs' deadlock and conflict can be better represented by the proposed digital twin technology. Moreover, the digital twin is able to reconfigure with the reconfiguration of physical RMFS, which is called symbiont. It is believed that the proposed digital twin technology can help gain a better understanding of physical RMFS and help the e-commerce enterprises to utilize RMFS better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Multi-project Multi-skill Human Resource Scheduling Based on Improved NSGA-II WANG Yingying, WU Liyun 2021, 24 (3):  130-138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.017 Abstract ( 1465 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (983KB) ( 5608 )   Save When multiple projects work at the same time, rational allocation of various resources and pursuit of greater economic profits through human resource management have become the focus of research and development enterprises. From the perspective of project cost and satisfaction of multi-skilled workers, the second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm are used to study the allocation of multi-skilled workers. Considering the matching between the skill mix of multi-skilled workers and the needs of project tasks and the impact of skill proficiency on task operation time, an optimization model is constructed that aims to achieve the total duration of multi-projects and the workload balance among multi-skilled workers. According to the constraints of the model, a series of heuristic rules are proposed to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The algorithm is developed by combining the characteristics of the second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm to solve the model. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Omni-channel Retailer Inventory Decision Based on BOPS Strategy JIAN Ping, CHEN Yiyou 2021, 24 (3):  139-145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.018 Abstract ( 1266 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (958KB) ( 5497 )   Save Inventory decision of the omni-channel retailer under BOPS strategy is researched to improve both retailers' operation efficiency and customers' shopping experience. Traditional dual channel and omni-channel under BOPS strategy's inventory decision models are built respectively based on the Newsvendor model, and a comparative analysis of the impact of BOPS strategy on store optimal inventory decisions and retailers' profit is made. The research results show that customer choice behaviors have different effects between omni-channel and dual channel operations. Mainly three conclusions are drawn. 1) The optimal order quantity of store under dual channel increases with the increasing of customers' expectation in store inventory level, and the characteristics of the omni-channel are opposite to those of the dual channel; 2) When the BOPS replenishment waiting cost is low, the total demand of omni-channel store under BOPS strategy is greater than that of dual channel; 3) When customers expect lower store inventory, omni-channel retailers have lower profit than that of dual channel. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of Sampling Inspection Plan for Key Materials of Distribution Network XIANG Bin, LIU Zhixiong, YAO Yao, ZHANG Kunyi 2021, 24 (3):  146-152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.019 Abstract ( 916 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (599KB) ( 5120 )   Save Aiming at the shortcoming of the current sampling inspection system in distribution network that it is inconsistent in strictness with various product batch sizes, an adjusting sampling plan for key materials of distribution network is proposed, which is based on the commonly used MIL–STD-1916 sampling standard. The proposed sampling plan combines with the actual sampling inspection of power grid, meets the requirements of four "one hundred percent" and (n|0) rules in inspection documents of power grid, and does not increase the current workload of sampling inspection. The research results can be applied to the sampling inspection for procurement of distribution network materials in power grid. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Game Analysis of Cooperative Advertising in Dual-channel Supply Chain Based on Complementary Products HUANG Shuai, YANG Yuzhong 2021, 24 (3):  153-160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.03.020 Abstract ( 1464 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (879KB) ( 5222 )   Save To solve the problem of cooperative advertising in dual-channel supply chain of complementary products, a Stackelberg master decentralized decision model and a centralized decision model with the manufacturer as the leader considering the spillover effect of complementary products are established. By solving the models, the optimal advertising strategy of the manufacturer, the optimal advertising strategy of the retailer and the optimal sharing rate of cooperative advertising under different decision-making modes are given. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the relevant conclusions. The results show that the manufacturer's advertisement expenditure on a product is positively correlated with the manufacturer's marginal profits in two channels about the product and its complementary product; the marginal profits of the manufacturer's complementary products in the network channel and retail channel have an impact on the manufacturer's advertisement expenditure on the product, and the incidence depends on the spillover effect coefficient of the product; in addition to the marginal profits of the product and its complementary product in each channel, the manufacturer's cooperative advertising share rate for a product is also related to the nature of the impact of retailer's advertising on the network channel; and the manufacturer's advertisement expenditure, retailer's advertisement expenditure and total profits of the supply chain under centralized decision-making mode are better than decentralized decision-making. References | Related Articles | Metrics