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30 August 2021, Volume 24 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Service 4.0 and Intelligent Services—Taking Energy Intelligent Services as an Example JIANG Zhibin, FU Yuehong, ZHOU Liping, YANG Kun 2021, 24 (4):  1-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.001 Abstract ( 1767 )   HTML ( 51 )   PDF (454KB) ( 4956 )   Save First introducing the background of Service 4.0, it is proposed that its core is the deep integration of human-machine-things, and its fundamental changes compared with the three stages of Service 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 analyzed. Next, the application and research status of Service 4.0 and intelligent service are briefly introduced. Then, the connotation and key characteristics of intelligent service are summarized, and the multi-dimension connotation of the energy intelligent service is analyzed. The four-dimensional expression model of intelligent service system is constructed. In addition, the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of energy intelligent service system in the Service 4.0 era are analyzed. Finally, the application prospects of Service 4.0 and intelligent service are introduced, taking energy intelligent service as an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

articles

Multi-stage Pricing Strategy for Two Alternative Fresh Products under Difference of Freshness XU Bing, LI Huifang 2021, 24 (4):  10-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.002 Abstract ( 1725 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (742KB) ( 5459 )   Save Considering the pricing problem of one retailer selling two alternative fresh products, multi-stage decision models are constructed respectively under three pricing strategies. The optimal fixed price, optimal discount price and optimal bundling price are obtained. The factors impacting on retailer’s selection of pricing strategy are analyzed together with its influence degrees by using the numerical simulation. The study results shows that along with the increase of the freshness threshold, the product selling price rises under three strategies; and the optimal fixed price rise when the sales period proximity increases. Comparing the profits of retailer under three strategies, sometimes the bundling pricing is dominant strategy, sometimes the discount pricing is the dominant strategy, and the parameters are the key influence factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Consumer's Green Preference, Reference Price Effect and Supply Chain Green Innovation LI Lin, LEI Yalin, HE Jianhong 2021, 24 (4):  20-26.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.003 Abstract ( 2067 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (635KB) ( 5387 )   Save The green innovation activities of manufacturers and suppliers in the supply chain are focused on, and the relationship between the characteristics of consumer behaviors and the level of green innovation efforts of members of the supply chain discussed, taking into account the consumer's green preferences on the market demand side and the reference price effect they cause. By constructing a differential game model of supply chain green innovation under the conditions of centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making and cost sharing, the optimal green innovation effort level and profit of supply chain members under equilibrium conditions are respectively obtained, and the relevant conclusions analyzed through numerical simulation. Studies have shown that changes in consumer preference characteristics are an important factor that motivates supply chain members to make green innovation efforts. With the enhancement of consumer green preference characteristics, the cost-sharing contract has a more obvious Pareto improvement on the profits of supply chain nodes. At the same time, manufacturers can stimulate their green innovation enthusiasm by providing cost subsidies to suppliers, and when the relationship between the supplier’s marginal profit and the manufacturer’s marginal profit reaches a certain threshold, the incentive effect of this green innovation cost subsidy is more significant. Therefore, it is more possible to realize the optimal profit of the supply chain system based on green innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Green Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Based on PIWOA Multi-objective Fuzzy Optimal Design DONG Hai, WU Yao 2021, 24 (4):  27-35.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.004 Abstract ( 1976 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (857KB) ( 5198 )   Save Aiming at the optimization design of closed-loop supply chain network, a multi-objective optimization design model of closed-loop supply chain network based on Me measure is established to reduce the influence of uncertainty factors in the solution of supply chain network design. Firstly, based on the multi-level closed-loop supply chain network, an optimization function with minimum cost, minimum CO2 emission and maximum social benefit is established. The Me measure and triangular fuzzy number are used to conduct fuzzy processing of the model and related constraints, and the uncertain closed-loop supply chain network optimization model obtained. Secondly, on the basis of the original whale algorithm, variable convergence factor is introduced to enhance its search ability, and Pareto introduced into the improved whale algorithm to solve the established model. Finally, numerical examples and simulation analysis verify that the algorithm has strong advantages and performance in search capability, time and optimization objective function value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Green Supply Chain Operation Strategy Based on Two-way Cost Sharing MIN Jie, YANG Ran, OU Jian, CAO Zonghong 2021, 24 (4):  36-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.005 Abstract ( 1949 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1237KB) ( 5529 )   Save Considering that the market demand is affected by product's green level, publicity intensity and price, the Stackelberg game method is used to investigate the green supply chain operation strategy under the contract of mutual sharing of the manufacturer's green level input cost and retailer's publicity cost. The results show that the two-way cost sharing contract can not only improve the performance of supply chain members and the overall supply chain, but is also better than the one-way cost sharing contract. In the two-way cost sharing contract, manufacturers increase their profits by increasing the wholesale price of products, which leads to product's retail prices increase and the consumer utility reduction; when consumers are sensitive to the green level and publicity intensity, supply chain members will increase product demand by improving the level of both, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the profits of supply chain members and the overall profits of the supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Pricing and Coordination Strategy in Online Shopping Supply Chain for Extended Warranty Service PENG Yongtao, LU Han, ZHAO Yanping 2021, 24 (4):  45-55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.006 Abstract ( 1637 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (873KB) ( 5393 )   Save Aiming at the problem of decision-making efficiency and profit balance of the online shopping supply chain extended warranty service, considering the product failure rate, starting from the situation where the extended warranty price, product price and sales effort level also affect the extended warranty market demand, and using Stackelberg game to construct the extended warranty income function of the third-party service provider and e-commerce platform, the optimal extended warranty decision problem of the online shopping supply chain under centralized decision and decentralized decision is analyzed and compared, and the effect of two types of revenue sharing contracts on the online shopping supply chain for extended warranty explored. The research shows that whether it is centralized decision-making or decentralized decision-making, the failure rate of the product will affect the price, sales effort level, sales volume and profit of the extended warranty service; and the traditional revenue sharing contract cannot realize the online shopping supply chain coordination for the extended warranty service. Through the improved revenue sharing contract, ensuring that the revenue sharing coefficient is in a reasonable interval, the extended warranty service decision efficiency of the e-commerce platform, the third-party service provider and the supply chain system can be optimized, thus achieving Pareto improvement of the extended warranty benefits of the supply chain entities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Supply Chain Decision with the Dual Effect of Delay in Emission Reduction, and Low-carbon Publicity and Reference LIU Hong, LIN Min 2021, 24 (4):  56-66,99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.007 Abstract ( 1303 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 5400 )   Save Considering the delay effect of emission reduction and the effect of low-carbon publicity and reference on consumers, a differential game model based on product emission reduction level, low-carbon reputation and reference is constructed for a two-level supply chain composed of manufacturers with single input carbon emission reduction and retailers with single input low-carbon publicity. The optimal effort input strategy of supply chain under decentralized decision and centralized decision is studied, and the influence of delay and reference dual effect related parameters on low-carbon supply chain decision and profit is analyzed. It is found that the optimal effort investment under centralized decision is higher than the corresponding value of decentralized decision, but the overall profit under centralized decision is not always higher than the corresponding value of decentralized decision, the difference of profit depending on the delay time of emission reduction effect and publicity effect. The delay time of emission reduction effect and publicity effect, the memory parameters and sensitive parameters in reference factors, are the main factors for manufacturers and retailers to invest in emission reduction efforts and low-carbon publicity efforts. There are corresponding thresholds for the delay time of emission reduction effect and publicity effect, which affect the strategy selection of product emission reduction, low-carbon reputation and reference, and the profit advantage of supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Cooperative Advertising Strategy in Supply Chain Based on Fairness Preference of the Distributors TIAN Yongjie 2021, 24 (4):  67-75.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.008 Abstract ( 1287 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (802KB) ( 5399 )   Save In order to study the influence of the distributor's fairness preference on the cooperative advertising strategy in supply chain, a two-level supply chain cooperative advertising multi-agent model consisting of one manufacturer and two distributors is constructed. Using principal-agent theory, the cooperative advertising strategy is analyzed in the two situations of distributors fairness neutral and fairness preference under information asymmetry, and the equilibrium solution analyzed by numerical method. The results show that: when distributors have fairness preference, the advertising investment effort, the wholesale price, the advertising subsidy and the manufacturer's income are all higher than those of the corresponding level when the distributors are fairness neutral. The advertising investment effort, wholesale price, advertising subsidy and manufacturer's income increase with the increase of the degree of distributors' fairness preference. With the increase of distributors' fairness preference degree, the manufacturer reduces the total profit share of the distributors and increases the advertising subsidy of the distributors; Manufacturers' incentives to distributors are more likely to fix advertising subsidies than sharing profit related to the total profits of the supply chain. The influence of advertising flexibility in cooperative advertising strategy is also analyzed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Start-up's Operational Decision-making under Random Supply and Demand and Capital Constraints PENG Hongguang, NIE Xueli, LIU Yunxia 2021, 24 (4):  76-82,111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.009 Abstract ( 1169 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 5368 )   Save A supply chain consisting of an OEM supplier, a start-up and demand market is considered. The start-up under capital constraints meets market demand by investing in capacity building or purchasing from the OEM supplier. The optimal decisions of the start-up's production capacity and ordering quantity are investigated with the goal of shareholders' equity value maximization. The results show that when the loan volume is unlimited, as the initial self-owned funds of the start-up gradually increase, the optimal production capacity of the start-up remains unchanged first, then gradually increases, and finally declines; and neither adopting entire outsourcing strategy when the capital is scarce nor adopting entire self-making strategy when capital is almost sufficient is the best choice for the start-up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Performance Analysis of Hybrid GA Based on Lévy Flight in Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem ZHANG Zhengmin, GUAN Zailin, YUE Lei 2021, 24 (4):  83-92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.010 Abstract ( 1593 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (909KB) ( 5412 )   Save In the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to the flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) due to its NP-hard nature and extensive applications in manufacturing systems. To improve the efficiency of solving FJSPs, a new discrete Lévy flight search strategy is proposed based on the standard Lévy flight, and by combining this strategy with basic genetic algorithm framework, a hybrid genetic algorithm is established. The hybrid algorithm uses a discrete Lévy flight search strategy to perform a variable step-length search on elite population of each generation, which improves the local search capability of the algorithm and enhances the diversity of the population. For comparison, some other algorithms including CS, GA, TLBO are used to conduct experiments on 54 FJSP examples with different scales. The results indicate that the proposed Lévy-GA outperform its competitions in terms of the robustness and convergence effects. Moreover, the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm is also proved to be suitable for solving large-scale FJSPs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Optimizing the Location of Automated Power Warehouse Based on Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning WANG Tiezheng, HU Ya'nan, PAN Kun, YU Xiao 2021, 24 (4):  93-99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.011 Abstract ( 2425 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (836KB) ( 5546 )   Save The optimization of the cargo location of an automated warehouse is vital to improve warehouse efficiency. Aiming at the optimization of power warehouse cargo location, the method based on multi-agent reinforcement learning is adopted to improve the optimization. First, the deficiencies of DDPG algorithm and MADDPG algorithm are analyzed, and on this basis an improved algorithm ECS-MADDPG and its model proposed. In this algorithm, both the immediate reward at the current time point and the future reward factors are considered. Finally, using the historical incoming and outgoing data of electric power materials, the reinforcement learning algorithm is applied to train the cargo location optimization model. Experiments show that ECS-MADDPG has higher stability and rewards compared with algorithms such as MADDPG and DDPG. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Performance Simulation of Load-based Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization LIAO Zhihua, LIU Jianjun, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning 2021, 24 (4):  100-111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.012 Abstract ( 1535 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 5586 )   Save Load-based paired-cell overlapping loops of cards with authorization (LB-POLCA ) is a new type of material control system for non-repetitive manufacturing workshops, which is used to realize the load balance of processing resources in the workshop and the effective flow of materials in production. The existing research has verified the effectiveness of LB-POLCA, but most of them ignore the assembly relevance between materials, that is, the assembly process can only be started after the required materials have been completed. At this time, the core of control system is to achieve the processing coordination of related materials. In view of this, for a class of general flow shop with assembly constraints, the appropriate operation mechanism of LB-POLCA system and the key control parameters such as the card allocation rules, approaches to load accounting and dispatching rule are first given; then, a generalized simulation model is established based on the platform of simulation software eM-Plant, and a large number of experiments conducted to reveal the changes of system performance under different assembly relevance level and different combinations of system control parameters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

Multi AGV Scheduling Optimization of AutoStore System Based on Improved Multi Population Genetic Algorithm WANG Xiaojun, WANG Bo, JIN Minjie, YANG Chunxia, BAI Xinli 2021, 24 (4):  112-118,167.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.013 Abstract ( 1968 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 5661 )   Save The emerging compact-intensive storage system AutoStore has the coexistence of separate operations and joint operations for outbound and inbound operations. If the AGV scheduling scheme obtained under the traditional single operation mode is used, it is easy to cause resource waste or low efficiency. Therefore, based on the analysis of multi-operation mode process, the AGV task allocation model with the shortest total operation time of various operation modes is established, and the objective function is the shortest total operation time of the system. The traditional multi-population genetic algorithm is improved. Firstly, in order to make the distribution of the initial solution uniform, the distribution of the generated initial solution is judged. Secondly, the rule that the cross-mutation probability changes with the fitness value is given to enhance the search efficiency of the algorithm. The analysis of the example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved algorithm, which can provide a better system for the system AGV scheduling scheme. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Hybrid Offerings Delivery Model of Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Game of Supply and Demand Behavior YANG Xuan, LUO Jianqiang 2021, 24 (4):  119-126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.014 Abstract ( 1373 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (859KB) ( 5349 )   Save The non-equilibrium of supply and demand behavior in the production of hybrid offerings lead customers to underestimate the value of services, which affects the delivery mode of hybrid offerings. For this purpose, the replicated dynamics equations of supply and demand behavior game is formulated by the evolutionary game theory method, aiming to analyze the stable strategy of its evolution and propose suitable hybrid offerings delivery mode based on evolutionary results. The results indicate that the evolution of supply and demand behavior confirms the servitization process of manufacturing enterprises, and there are corresponding hybrid offerings delivery mode at different stage. During the transition period of servitization, manufacturing enterprises should give priority to reducing the cost of interaction with customers with service readiness, which will be better to guide customers and adjust their behavior to make customers perceive the value of services. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Fault Diagnosis Method of ZPW-2000R Track Circuit Based on Convolutional Neural Network LU Jiao, YU Jianli, HUANG Chunlei, CHEN Honggen 2021, 24 (4):  127-133.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.015 Abstract ( 1286 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (844KB) ( 5906 )   Save In order to solve the problem of intelligent fault diagnosis of ZPW-2000R track circuit, a fault diagnosis model of ZPW-2000R track circuit based on deep convolution neural network is proposed. By inputting 38 real-time monitoring variable data stored by microcomputer, 29 kinds of fault types including indoor and outdoor equipment of track circuit can be automatically diagnosed, and the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis can reach 96%. It provides an effective intelligent solution for track circuit fault diagnosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Model of Dual-channel Multi-echelon Distribution Network Considering Inventory Integration Optimization Configuration LIN Hansheng, QU Ting, XU Suxiu, THüRER Matthias, GUO Hongfei, HUANG Guoquan 2021, 24 (4):  134-142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.016 Abstract ( 1212 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (751KB) ( 5361 )   Save Aiming at the high operating cost of distribution network of physical retail enterprises with offline and online sales channels, the dual channel inventory optimization configuration problem under integrated channel integration and online order fulfillment is studied. Mathematical models are established under two different modes of distribution network operation, namely "dual-channel inventory independent management, online order decentralized fulfillment" and "dual-channel inventory integrated management, online order centralized fulfillment" respectively, and genetic algorithm based on real number coding is used to solve the problem. Results from a computational study illustrate that the second operation mode for dual-channel supply chain can reduce the total inventory cost by 17.25%, and alleviate the total inventory costs in the downstream of the distribution network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Real-time Accident Risk Prediction on Freeway Based on Support Vector Machine FAN Bo, MA Xiaoli, LEI Xiaoshi, MA Xinlu 2021, 24 (4):  143-149.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.017 Abstract ( 1233 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (611KB) ( 5486 )   Save Based on the freeway accident data, traffic data, and weather data, a model is built to predict the real-time accident risk by taking traffic flow as the main influencing factor of accidents. Firstly, regarding each accident in the records as a case and the experimental case group is obtained, and then by the case-control study method, the matched corresponding control group set up. Then the random forest algorithm is used to screen out the 10 most important variables impacting the accident risk most. Finally, a model is built to predict real-time accident risk based on the support vector machine. Experiments show the SVM model we built works when predicting the accident risk. At the same time, the SVM model performance with the Gaussian and Sigmoid kernel is better than with the linear and polynomial kernel. Experiments showed the SVM model we built works when predicting the accident risk. At the same time, the SVM model performance with the Gaussian or Sigmoid kernel is better than with the linear or polynomial kernel. Especially the accuracy of the SVM model with the Gaussian kernel reaches 73.20% and 91.44% respectively when predicting the accident and non-accident situation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Vitality Stimulating of Low-carbon Supply Chain Consumption Market Based on SD and Tripartite Game LI Xiaohua, SHAO Juping, SUN Yan'an 2021, 24 (4):  150-159.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.018 Abstract ( 1633 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1140KB) ( 5258 )   Save Aiming at stimulating the consumption market vitality of green and low-carbon supply chain products, taking green household appliances as an example, a tripartite evolutionary game model of government, household appliance enterprises and consumers is constructed to analyze the stability of strategies. The system dynamics method is used and combined with actual data of household appliance industry to simulate the changes of strategy, verify the stable evolution path, and analyze the specific influencing factors. The research results show that government strategy is affected by household appliance enterprises, household appliance enterprises strategy by consumers, and consumers strategy by both; when the low-carbon cost of household appliance enterprises is less than the income and the low-carbon price difference is less than the environmental protection effect of low-carbon consumption, tripartite participators have the only evolutionary stable strategy (0,1,1), that is, government does not need to supervise, household appliance enterprises actively provide green appliances, and consumers actively choose low-carbon consumption; the price difference rate of green and low-carbon products should be lower than consum-ers' low-carbon premium payment rate of 27.3%, and the environmental protection effect of low green preference consumers needs to be improved by joint efforts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Decision-making Analysis of Agri-product E-commerce Supply Chain Based on Stackelberg Game Model WU Chunshang 2021, 24 (4):  160-167.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.019 Abstract ( 1906 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (587KB) ( 5251 )   Save In order to study the income distribution of agricultural product e-commerce supply chain under different dominance, the Stackelberg game model is used to analyze the decision-making behavior of the three-level agricultural product supply chain. The results show that: the dominant power has a significant impact on the optimal decision-making of supply chain members, in addition to the third-party logistics enterprises; when the member of the supply chain has the dominant power, the profit is higher than followers; under the same dominant power, the profit of the member who has the dominant power is higher than followers' profit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Impact of Service Level on Price Strategy of High-speed Rail Express Supply Chain under Different Dominant Structure CHEN Jiayuan, ZHOU Gang 2021, 24 (4):  168-176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.04.020 Abstract ( 1610 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1550KB) ( 5084 )   Save Based on the mode of "high-speed rail network + express network", in order to study the influence of dominant power on the price strategy of high-speed rail express supply chain, the Stackelberg game models of centralized decision-making, China Railway Express dominant, traditional express enterprise dominant and Nash equilibrium are respectively established, and the optimal price and maximum profit under four models obtained. The research shows that the optimal direct selling price remains the same under different dominant structures, while the optimal retail price is the highest when it’s decentralized. The wholesale price is controlled by the dominant enterprise. Decentralization will lead to the loss of the overall profit. The dominant power is conducive to the leading enterprise to obtain much profit. References | Related Articles | Metrics