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30 October 2021, Volume 24 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A Review on the Theoretical Research and Application of Lean Six Sigma HE Zhen, HU Hao, LIU Hailong, WANG Wei 2021, 24 (5):  1-8,54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.001 Abstract ( 2673 )   HTML ( 447 )   PDF (878KB) ( 8416 )   Save As a powerful tool for continuous improvement and innovation, Lean Six Sigma (LSS) has been widely used in industries including manufacturing, construction, service and even non-profit organizations. But there are some discrepancies about the understanding of LSS for both academicians and practitioners. To have a sound understanding of LSS, based on the reviews of 2701 papers from Web of Science with “Six Sigma” or “Lean Six Sigma” in titles, the evolution of LSS and a big picture about LSS research and application are presented. Six main research topics are discussed. The development trend of LSS from the perspectives of strategy, system and integration are predicted so as to provide some guidance and references for future LSS academic research and application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

articles

Competitive Strategies of Service Providers Based on Service Price and Quality Guarantee WANG Jianbin, LI Cheng 2021, 24 (5):  9-17.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.002 Abstract ( 1543 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (774KB) ( 5318 )   Save Existing researches focus only on quality commitment decisions of a single provider and ignore the competitive strategies of multiple providers regarding service price and quality commitment. To make up for this deficiency, this research extends to the service price level comprehensive research, rather than constrained in a single service commitment research. To discuss service competition strategy, three competition models are built and the optimization method used. The research has found: (1) based on service price competition model, when quality commitment level is certain, once a service provider raises price, other service providers will make the same decision. However, once some service providers improve their quality commitment level, other service providers will respond with price reduction decisions. (2) In the competition model based on the quality commitment level, when the service price is certain, once a service provider improves the quality commitment level, other service providers will appropriately reduce the quality commitment level to reduce the compensation for service failure. Once some service providers improve their competitiveness from the service price level, other service providers will compensate in terms of quality commitment. (3) A competition model is established based on the study of service competition strategy. The model research shows that there must be a Nash equilibrium between service providers. A practical guidance can be induced for competitive strategies on service price and quality commitment in the service market. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Decision Making of Low-carbon Dual Channel Supply Chain Considering Equity Concerns DU Jianguo, WANG Yarou 2021, 24 (5):  18-26.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.003 Abstract ( 1777 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (976KB) ( 5363 )   Save In the case of the manufacturer with the characteristic of fairness concern, the pricing and emission reduction strategies of decision makers in single and dual channels are compared and studied by constructing two-member supply chain models. And the influence of the manufacturer's fairness concern and the coefficient of the product carbon on supply chain benefits are explored through mathematical deduction. The results are as follows. The retailer does not necessarily obtain more profits by opening dual channels. There exist different trends of the optimal pricing and emission under the level of fairness concern and the coefficient of product carbon. In addition, when the manufacturer considers the fairness of profit distribution, it will have a certain negative impact on all members of the supply chain and the overall profit. However, the manufacturer increases the proportion of its profits in the whole supply chain, thereby achieving its goal of pursuing fair distribution of profits. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Supply Chain Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Products Considering Bilateral Fresh-keeping Efforts under Fairness Concern QIN Yanhong, XIANG Lin, QIN Xinghong 2021, 24 (5):  27-38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.004 Abstract ( 1804 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (895KB) ( 5410 )   Save In the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by the supplier, considering the level of fresh-keeping efforts of both the supplier and the retailer and the efforts will affect the freshness and market demand of fresh agricultural products, a Stackelberg game model was set to analyze the impact of retailer's fairness concern on the bilateral fresh-keeping effort level and supply chain coordination. The principal-agent model was applied to design a combined contract based on "wholesale price + transfer payment" in order to increase the overall benefit and stability of the supply chain and better coordinate the interest of both the supplier and the retailer. Research shows that the wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural product whether the retailer is concerned about fairness, and the retailer's fairness concern further reduces the level of bilateral fresh-keeping efforts and further deviates the supply chain from optimal status. Finally, the combined contract based on "wholesale price + transfer payment" can not only achieve the optimal solution of bilateral fresh-keeping efforts and the coordination of fresh agricultural products supply chain, but also achieve Pareto profit improvement of each supply chain members. References | Related Articles | Metrics

CSR Investment Mode Selection in Supply Chain under Manufacturer Competition ZHENG Benrong, YUN Fangxu 2021, 24 (5):  39-46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.005 Abstract ( 1772 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (460KB) ( 5226 )   Save Based on the reality that most enterprises incorporate CSR into their strategic planning, the impact of manufacturers'CSR investment mode on supply chain members and system profit is studied. Three investment modes are considered: manufacturers do not invest in CSR (model NN), the single manufacturer invests in CSR (model NY), manufacturers both invest in CSR (model YY). The equilibrium price and profit are obtained by establishing a two-level supply chain model of competing manufacturers and a single retailer. The study shows that the manufacturers' profits are always inversely proportional to the price sensitivity coefficient, but only in the model YY, the retailer's profit is directly proportional to the price sensitivity coefficient. Moreover, when both manufacturers invest in CSR, all supply chain players can maximize profits and achieve the optimal decision-making efficiency of the supply chain. Eventually, the influence of some parameters in the model on the profits of supply chain players is analyzed by numerical examples. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bundling Strategy and Selling Format for Complementary Products Based on Online Platform WEI Jie, WANG Yuchao, TIAN Chen 2021, 24 (5):  47-54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.006 Abstract ( 1792 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (810KB) ( 5499 )   Save Based on a supply chain consisting of one supplier who sells complementary products on an e-tailer's online platform through reselling or agency selling format, four Stackelberg game models were formulated to study the supplier's and the e-tailer's optimal bundling strategies and selling formats. The impacts of the degree of complementarity between products and the commission rate on the channel members' equilibrium prices and profits were also analyzed. The results show that the profits of the supplier and the e-tailer decrease as the degree of complementarity between products increases when the products are sold independently. The agency bundling is more advantageous to the supplier, while the reselling bundling is more advantageous to the e-tailer. Moreover, only when the commission rate is large enough, the e-tailer tends to use the agency selling format. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Omni-channel Service Area and Pricing Optimization under Consumers' Strategic Behavior HOU Yumei, ZHENG Diwen, KONG Lejia, SHEN Mengsi, GAO Xiaona 2021, 24 (5):  55-62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.007 Abstract ( 1297 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (875KB) ( 5519 )   Save Omni-channel retail brings not only more business opportunities to retailers, but also challenges to the operation of Omni-channel retailers. In order to study the impact of consumer strategic buying behavior on the Omni-channel BOPS (Buy-online-and-pick-up-in-store) operating service area and pricing. The operation mode of BOPS for Omni-channel retailers is modeled, and the optimal pricing and service area of Omni-channel retailers obtained by using the optimization theory (K-T condition). A numerical analysis further proves that consumer strategic buying behavior is an important factor that Omni-channel retailers should consider when formulating the BOPS operational service area and pricing strategy. The research results show that consumers who are far away from Omni-channel retailers need channel retailers to consider their customer strategic behavior and strive for more customers with customer strategic behavior to serve the store; and for consumers nearby, Omni-channel retailers do not need consider their behavior to reduce the channel operating costs of Omni-channel retailers. In addition, the determination of the optimal service area can enable retailers to provide better services to consumers with less channel cost and reduce their operational decision errors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Purchasing Decisions of Auto Parts Manufacturer under MTO Mode WU Xiaoli, YANG Haixin, LIU Xuejie 2021, 24 (5):  63-71,94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.008 Abstract ( 1268 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (950KB) ( 5762 )   Save This paper aims to solve the problems of great delivery pressure and high inventory cost faced by the auto parts manufacturer, which is under traditional just-in-time production mode and is non-dominant in the supply chain. The auto parts manufacturer who uses make-to-order production mode is taken as an example and the raw materials are classified into three types by two steps. Multi-period dynamic programming models, which minimize the inventory costs for the three types of raw materials are formulated and solved. Finally, through numerical experiments with the real operation data of M company, we find that the inventory turnover period and inventory cost with the optimal purchasing decisions are reduced obviously, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal ordering polices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Solution Algorithm for the Problem of Taking Delivery Vehicle Path at the Same Time with Time Window YAN Jun, CHANG Le, WANG Lulu, ZHAO Tong 2021, 24 (5):  72-76.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.009 Abstract ( 1548 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (585KB) ( 5813 )   Save In order to integrate the return and delivery service in the process of logistics and distribution, a vehicle routing model with time window is established according to the actual situation, and a Q-learning self-heuristic ant colony algorithm based on K-means clustering processing is designed to solve such problems. According to the characteristics of distribution service, by improving the basic k-means algorithm, the local search ability of the ant colony algorithm is improved, and the reasonable connection of the two algorithms completed. Experiments are carried out according to the relevant literature data and standard examples to verify that the proposed algorithm has good performance and can solve the described problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Algebraic Model Involving Emotions for Risky Decision Making ZHANG Guofeng, MAO Beixing, DU Hubin 2021, 24 (5):  77-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.010 Abstract ( 1170 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (429KB) ( 5445 )   Save The existing risk decision-making models can only explain the selection results of some individuals. The fundamental reasons are attributed to three aspects: the emotion of an individual is not included; the single decision pattern and one-way data fitting method are unreasonable. The following four measures have been adopted to solve these problems. Emotion functions are designed for the outcome and its likelihood respectively, according to its general characteristics. The additive relation between emotion functions is determined, based on the controlled information processing model. A multiple decision pattern is used instead of the single decision pattern. Finally, a two-way fitting method is established to replace the one-way fitting one. Therefore, a risky decision-making model containing emotion is established to explain all individuals' choices. The model is checked and verified by the classic cases of Prospect Theory and 14 anomalies. The developed model provides a novel solution to the problem of risky decision-making. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Study of the Psychological Cognition of Workshop Environment to Employees LIU Lizhuo, SHI Lei, LI Fuwei, DING Xiaoyu 2021, 24 (5):  89-94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.011 Abstract ( 1042 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (595KB) ( 5894 )   Save The psychological cognitive effect of workshop environment on employees under visual impact is mainly verified. From the perspective of neuro-industrial engineering, event-related potential technology is used to present positive or negative workshop environment information to the subjects randomly under vision, and their behavioral data and EEG data are recorded. The data results indicate: behavioral data shows that the positive and negative of the workshop environment have no effect on the subjects; and EEG data shows that the main effect of the positive and negative of the workshop environment is significant, and the interaction between the positive and negative and the consistency is not significant. The results show that employees have a certain cognitive deviation in the visual presentation of the workshop environment. The positive workshop environment can attract more attention of employees and is more sensitive to the arousal effect of information processing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Weighted Network Modeling and Module Partitioning Among Crowdsourcing Design Tasks for Social Product Development LIU Dianting, HU Haoping, WU Danling 2021, 24 (5):  95-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.012 Abstract ( 1197 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (529KB) ( 5703 )   Save According to the needs of module division for crowdsourcing design tasks under social product development and aiming at the ambiguity of the correlation among product atomic design tasks, the elementary theory and methods that an 11-level scale weighted networks was used to describe their relationships, and then the weighted network was pruned. An optimization model of module division of crowdsourcing tasks under social design was established with the objective function of maximizing the degree of aggregation within the module, and minimizing the coupling degree between modules, and minimizing the difficulty of collaborative design, and an ant colony algorithm was used to solve it. The calculation methods of relevance of functional and structural information exchange among atomic design tasks and of the difficulty of contractor cooperation were discussed. The principles and steps of crowdsourcing task module division were given. Examples were given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Density-based Profile Monitoring Parameter Identification Method ZHANG Yang, QIN Xingxing 2021, 24 (5):  101-107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.013 Abstract ( 942 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (656KB) ( 5618 )   Save Correctly identifying the in-control profile set and determining the profile control parameters are the basis of profile monitoring. When the within-profile data is correlated, the existing profile parameters identification method is greatly affected by abnormal profiles. Then, a density-based identification method is developed, including profile modeling based on the linear mixed model, determining the initial in-control profile set based on the data density, identifying the in-control profile set based on successive iteration method, and calculating the in-control parameters. Then, based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the influence of density parameter and the number of profiles in initial in-control profile set is analyzed. Finally, the identification performance of the proposed method is compared with the existing methods. Simulation results show that the identification performance of the proposed density-based method is better than the existing methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Recognition of Control Chart Patterns Using Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm ZHANG Heping, LI Junwu 2021, 24 (5):  108-116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.014 Abstract ( 1090 )   HTML ( 34 )   PDF (797KB) ( 5688 )   Save Normal factors and unnatural factors in the manufacturing process can be detected by recognition of control chart pattern (CCPR), so CCPR can improve the product quality in the manufacturing process and reduce costs and improve benefits. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate samples. The one-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is used to process the raw data, and finally fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used for pattern recognition of control chart, which is simpler and more efficient than the existing control chart pattern recognition method. By continuous experiments and improvements, the recognition accuracy of 99.31% is finally achieved, with a standard deviation of 0.0028, indicating that the control chart pattern recognition method adopted in this study has high accuracy and good stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on the Influence of the Application of Site Management Tools on the Improvement of Site Management Performance QU Li, WANG Lu, WU Zhunan, QI Ershi 2021, 24 (5):  117-123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.015 Abstract ( 1213 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (450KB) ( 5800 )   Save Provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for enterprises to efficiently apply on-site management tools, improve the application effects of common tools in on-site management, and improve on-site management performance. Here, a questionnaire survey is conducted on the use of these on-site management tools in enterprises, and PLS-SEM is used. Path model, analyze and study the impact path of the application of common on-site management tools on the improvement of enterprise on-site management performance. The research results show that site management is the weak link of enterprise management; more than 80% of enterprises are using 13 kinds of on-site management tools. The scientific and reasonable application of management tools in the process planning stage has the most direct effect on improving on-site management performance. The use of process improvement and innovation tools has the greatest impact on on-site management performance. Correct application of management tools in process improvement and innovation activities. The use of final performance process planning tools can not only directly affect on-site management performance, but also through process control The impact of the use of similar tools indirectly affects on-site management performance; in addition to directly affecting on-site management performance, process improvement and innovation tools can also indirectly affect on-site management performance through the use of process planning activity tools and process control tools. References | Related Articles | Metrics

practice & application

A Research on Evolutionary Game Behavior of Different Stakeholders in Green Supply Chain with the Fairness Concern of the Retailer SHAO Bilin, CUI Menghua 2021, 24 (5):  124-131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.016 Abstract ( 1722 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF (722KB) ( 5677 )   Save Based on the relevant theory of evolutionary game, considering the fairness concern behavior of retailers in the process of green supply chain operation, an evolutionary game model of suppliers, retailers and the government is constructed and a stability analysis is conducted, and combining with numerical simulation, the effects of changes in government intervention costs, subsidies and penalties, supplier green costs, and retailer fairness of concern coefficients on the evolution of the strategic behavior of supply chain members are dynamically studied. It is expected to provide a reference for achieving a balance of interests among the three parties. The results show that the supplier's green cost and the retailer's fairness concern coefficient are positively related to the impact on the green supply chain. The government's regulatory cost is negatively related to the impact on the green supply chain. The effects of government subsidies are different from the penalties in different stages on the green supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Engineering Knowledge Recommendation Method Considering the Topic Diversity WANG Linke, JIANG Zuhua, LI Xinyu 2021, 24 (5):  132-140,151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.017 Abstract ( 911 )   HTML ( 75 )   PDF (1601KB) ( 5462 )   Save Engineering problem-solving involves multidisciplinary knowledge, and the users' knowledge needs cannot be satisfied by offering single filed knowledge. Therefore, an engineering knowledge recommendation method, topic diversity collaborative filtering (TDCF), was proposed to optimize the topic diversity of the recommendation list. In TDCF, a knowledge topic network was first constructed in the form of a directed graph, and the user's profession on the knowledge topic was calculated. Then a rating matrix pre-filling algorithm considering the user's profession was developed to alleviate the sparseness of the rating matrix. Finally, the knowledge topic network and user's profession were used to improve the user similarity calculation method in the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, and thereby the diversity of recommendation results can be improved in a targeted manner and the recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction can be promoted. Experiment based on the real data collected from a domestic shipyard showed that TDCF's recommended results achieve higher F1-Score and diversity, which are 0.52 and 0.44 respectively, thus outperforming other benchmarking algorithms. Therefore, TDCF is feasible and superior, and can provide better knowledge recommendation services. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Comparative Study of Priority Rules for Multi-project Scheduling with Public and Private Resource Constraints DU Hongfei, WANG Xiaoming, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning 2021, 24 (5):  141-151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.018 Abstract ( 1217 )   HTML ( 252 )   PDF (841KB) ( 5501 )   Save In order to identify the appropriate priority rules for the multi-project scheduling problem with public and private resource constraints, a great number of computational experiments are conducted based on the benchmark MSPSLIB. Based on the relative deviation index, the performance of 25 classical priority rules are compared under three decision objectives which include minimizing maximum completion time, minimizing total tardiness and minimizing total weighted tardiness. Experimental results show that the performance of a priority rule is significantly correlated with the decision objective, number of tasks in a single project, number of parallel projects and resource utilization coefficient. Although the performance of priority rules is generally consistent with the existing literature, there are significant differences in the performance of MAXTWK and MINSLK. The conclusions obtained have guiding significance for practical multi-project scheduling decisions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Simulation Procedure for Assembly Line and its Case Study LI Guangzhen, XU Zhigang, LIU Songkai, REN Zhaohui 2021, 24 (5):  152-158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.019 Abstract ( 1582 )   HTML ( 310 )   PDF (672KB) ( 5746 )   Save To solve the problem that the simulation research results are not credible by lacking the procedure of model verification for the assembly line, the model's verification process is twice introduced based on the summary of the current simulation research, and a complete simulation procedure for the assembly line proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the procedure, taking the actual assembly line as an example, the impact of logistics line layout, the number of bottleneck machines, AGV's quantity and AGV's speed on production capacity are considered based on the analysis of layout and process flow, and 24 schemes are designed and constructed based on Plant Simulation software. After all the simulation models are verified, the best scheme is obtained by comparing the productivity and the utilization rate of the machine. The simulation result shows that the optimized capacity is increased by 227% compared with the original plan, the bottleneck machine utilization rate increased by 51%, and the average machine utilization rate by 121%. It is concluded that the proposed simulation optimization procedure is feasible and effective, which can provide guidance for the simulation research and application of the assembly line, and has reference significance for the simulation research in other production fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on an Intelligent Recommendation Algorithm Based on User Portrait and Collaborative Filtering for Mass Customization WANG Fei, WU Qinglie 2021, 24 (5):  159-164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.05.020 Abstract ( 1558 )   HTML ( 385 )   PDF (538KB) ( 5739 )   Save The rise and development of mass customization models have effectively alleviated the contradiction between users' demand for differentiated and personalized products and the high cost of pursuing customized products. In order to more efficiently assist users to make satisfactory product customization decisions in the process of mass customization, the traditional mass customization-oriented recommendation algorithm is improved accordingly, and combined with the characteristics of mass customization, a recommendation scheme based on user portraits is proposed. The item-based collaborative filtering algorithm is selected as the basic recommendation algorithm, and the big data tool user profile model is introduced to filter the initial recommendation results twice, so as to improve the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm to ignore the user's own interest preference and improve the user customization experience and recommendation accuracy. The case of mobile phone product customization is given, and the whole process of generating the final recommendation result is simulated and analyzed, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the recommendation algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics