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30 December 2022, Volume 25 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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ARTICLES

A Research on Pricing Decisions of Hybrid Platform Supply Chain by Considering Power Structures and Spillover Effects WEI Jie, MENG Xiangjia, XU Zeling 2022, 25 (6):  1-9,100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.001 Abstract ( 1202 )   HTML ( 113 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 3016 )   Save In a hybrid platform supply chain with a manufacturer and an e-tailer, in which the manufacturer sells a product not only through the offline channel but also through the e-tailer′s direct selling and distribution channels. Based on the power structures between channel members and the spillover effects of online to offline sales, six decision-making models are established. By solving and analyzing the equilibrium solutions of these models, some managerial insights are derived: the positive spillover effect always prompts supply chain members to reduce the product′s optimal wholesale price and retail price, while the negative spillover effect always prompts supply chain members to increase the product′s optimal wholesale price and retail price, which are independent of the power structures between channel members. Besides, the difference of product′s optimal retail prices under different power structures always decreases with the enhancement of negative spillover effect, and increases with the enhancement of positive spillover effect. For the manufacturer and the e-tailer, those who dominate in different power structures can get more profits, and the total supply chain′s profit achieves the maximum when they have equivalent market power. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Technology Investment Modes of Dual-Sourcing Supply Chain under the Influence of Tariff ZHANG Jing, FU Fangyuan, WANG Mengzhuo, ZHANG Jian 2022, 25 (6):  10-20.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.002 Abstract ( 1021 )   HTML ( 48 )   PDF (935KB) ( 2815 )   Save In order to explore the choice of technology investment modes between the multinational manufacturer and the local supplier, a dual-sourcing supply chain model with the multinational manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader is constructed. Based on the game theory and KKT condition, the decision-making of supply chain members under the trade credit mode and the vertical merger and acquisition mode is studied, and the impacts of tariff and wholesale price of the local supplier on the decision-making equilibrium and the choice of technology investment modes are explored. The results are as follows. Under the trade credit mode, when the trade credit rate is low, the local supplier has a higher level of technology investment. Under the vertical merger and acquisition mode, when the profit allocation ratio is appropriate, there will be a Pareto improvement area between the multinational manufacturer and the local supplier, and the vertical merger and acquisition mode is better than the trade credit mode. When the tariff is high, the multinational manufacturer's profits decrease, but the multinational manufacturer and the local supplier are more likely to form the strategic alliance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Three-level Logistics Service Supply Chain Coordination Considering Corporate Social Responsibility YANG Huaizhen, REN Ertian 2022, 25 (6):  21-28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.003 Abstract ( 1173 )   HTML ( 45 )   PDF (723KB) ( 2901 )   Save In order to study the impact of the corporate social responsibility of logistics service integrators on the decision-making of three-level logistics service supply chain, the demand function affected by the price and corporate social responsibility is built and a Stackelberg game method is used to analyze the optimal decisions under the decentralized model and centralized model. It is found that the level of logistics demand and corporate social responsibility under centralized decision-making is more than twice that under decentralized decision-making, and the total profit of supply chain increases significantly. In order to achieve the optimal strategy, a cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract with compensation is designed, and the compensation amount is set by quoting the bargaining model. It is found that the contract can realize the coordination of the supply chain, the awareness of social responsibility and relative bargaining power are positively correlated with members' profits, logistics demand and corporate social responsibility level, and integrators can benefit faster. The amount of compensation depends on the bargaining power of members. With the improvement of relative bargaining power, the compensation received by subcontractors increases. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the contract. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Green Supply Chain Decision-making Considering Government Subsidy and Enterprise Cost-sharing LIN Qiang, LIU Mingwu 2022, 25 (6):  29-38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.004 Abstract ( 1295 )   HTML ( 46 )   PDF (795KB) ( 2942 )   Save In order to explore the impact of government subsidy and enterprise cost-sharing on green efforts level, pricing strategy and profit of green supply chain, and analyze the difference of decision results under different government subsidy modes, the green supply chain members' optimal strategies are studied by using game theory and numerical simulation method. The results show that the retailer's cost-sharing can effectively motivate the manufacturer to increase investment in green efforts. But the higher the share ratio, the more disadvantage for the retailer. Government subsidy is beneficial to all members of the supply chain and has a good incentive effect, but the incentive effect is weaker when the government subsidy and the retailer's cost-sharing co-exist, because the incentive effect of the retailer's cost-sharing is weakened and even has an adverse effect compared with the situation of cost-sharing only. Regardless of whether the retailer shares the cost of green efforts, the incentive effect of government subsidy to the consumer is better than subsidy to the manufacturer. This research can help the government and green supply chain companies to make the best choice in the decision-making interaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Decision-making of Smart Supply Chain Considering Bullwhip Effect MA Weimin, SUN Xiaohan 2022, 25 (6):  39-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.005 Abstract ( 1036 )   HTML ( 47 )   PDF (721KB) ( 2914 )   Save The development of smart supply chain has alleviated the bullwhip effect in traditional supply chain. Taking the supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer as the research object, the game models are established for four different situations of whether SMEs invest in digital technologies to explore the impact of bullwhip effect on product pricing and decision-making of digital technology level, and compare the profits under different models. The results show that the supply chain members who invest in digital technologies will set a higher level to weaken the negative impact of the bullwhip effect; if the manufacturer and retailer separately invest in digital technologies, it will have a positive impact on the supply chain, but if the manufacturer and retailer invest in digital technology together, it may reduce supply chain performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of the Order of Capital Flow and Logistics for a Supply Chain under Demand Uncertainty CHEN Chuanying, CHEN Yi, ZHOU Yongwu, HE Huan 2022, 25 (6):  45-54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.006 Abstract ( 987 )   HTML ( 44 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 2891 )   Save In practice, the order of capital flow and logistics in supply chains usually haves three scenarios—capital flow synchronizes with, lags behind or precedes logistics. A two-echelon supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer under stochastic demand is considered, the inventory strategy and operation performance of each member of the supply chain under each scenario is analyzed, determine which scenario of capital flow and logistics the supply chain adopts to obtain the maximum operation performance. The results show when the supplier's unit product unit time capital gain is relatively large, it is more beneficial for capital flow to precede logistics for the supply chain. When the supplier's unit product unit time opportunity gain is relatively small, the scenario whereby capital flow lags behind logistics is better for the supply chain. In addition, the retailer has the only optimal target inventory under each scenario, and the retailer's optimal target inventory is the same when capital flow synchronizes with logistics and capital flow precedes logistics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Unconstrained Estimation Method of Car Rental Demand Considering Customer Bounded Rationality YANG Yazao, ZHANG Liping 2022, 25 (6):  55-61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.007 Abstract ( 910 )   HTML ( 63 )   PDF (609KB) ( 2687 )   Save The reservation data of the car rental system cannot represent the real demand of customers. Inventory control leads to the mismatch between supply and demand, and also produces the "overflow" and "reappearance" of demand. Unconstrained estimation usually takes short-sighted or strategic assumptions, which results in insufficient consideration of bounded rational behavior of customers. Taking the car rental demand of multi-price class as the research object, decision is formed based on the bounded rationality of customers. The customer choice behavior is analyzed by Logit model, and the customer utility is obtained by combining the value function of prospect theory, so as to analyze the demand transfer behavior and realize unconstrained estimation. The calculation example shows that the multi-price class spill improved model can effectively avoid demand overestimation, and explain the impact of real demand on revenue. The stock control revenue is increased by 0.81%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Buffer Sizing of Critical Chain Based on Activities' Precedence Relationships ZHANG Junguang, WU Zhuanzhuan 2022, 25 (6):  62-70.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.008 Abstract ( 953 )   HTML ( 70 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 2990 )   Save The classical study of critical chain buffer determination assumes that the activity can only be started immediately after the preceding activity is completed, without considering the influence of different precedence relations on buffer determination. In order to determine the reasonable and effective buffer size, the safe time estimation and buffer size adjustment are carried out based on activities' precedence relationships. Firstly, the safe time in the activity is extracted based on the three-point estimation method in PERT; according to the characteristics of different precedence relations, the safe time is extracted from the time interval between activities. Secondly, the buffer is adjusted by the improved resource tension, the complexity of lap network and the connection degree of adjacent activities. Finally, Matlab software is used for case simulation, and the proposed method is compared with the classical method. The results show that compared with the root-variance method, the proposed method can shorten the project duration by 9.01% and reduce the cost by 5.18%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Adaptive Butterfly Optimization Algorithm Based on Reverse Diffusion Catastrophe and Elite Enhanced Evolution for Mirrorable Facility Corridor Allocation Problem GAO Shuai, GUAN Xingyin, HAO Shuai, YE Yang 2022, 25 (6):  71-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.009 Abstract ( 938 )   HTML ( 105 )   PDF (947KB) ( 2716 )   Save In view of the fact that the logistics interaction point of the facility in the industrial design does not overlap with the midpoint of the aisle sideline, an aisle layout problem that considers the left and right mirror images of the facility is proposed. The integer programming model of the problem is established, and an improved discrete butterfly optimization algorithm suitable for MFCAP is proposed. Based on the standard butterfly optimization algorithm, the algorithm discretizes the encoding method and related operations, improves the search speed of the algorithm through adaptive mode switching probability, and uses methods such as elite enhanced evolution and reverse diffusion catastrophe to improve the search accuracy of the algorithm. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed model, branch and bound algorithm and improved discrete butterfly optimization algorithm are used to accurately solve small-scale MFCAP examples. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the improved discrete butterfly optimization algorithm is compared with other heuristic algorithms in medium and large-scale calculation examples. The results show that the proposed improved discrete butterfly optimization algorithm has high quality and efficiency when applied to MFCAP, and it is an effective method to solve the MFCAP problem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Research on Multi-agent Resource Sharing Behavior of Mega Projects under Competitive Relationship LIU Nana, ZHOU Guohua 2022, 25 (6):  82-91.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.010 Abstract ( 932 )   HTML ( 48 )   PDF (1241KB) ( 2753 )   Save In order to analyze resource sharing behavior of multi-subject parallel construction of major projects under different mechanisms, the multi-agent parallel construction scenarios of major projects were divided into non-competitive engineering amount and competitive engineering amount. The Stackelberg dynamic game models with the resource demander as the leader and the resource provider as the follower in the two scenarios were constructed separately. And the resource sharing balance strategy and the optimal benefit were calculated and analyzed, and then the influence of factors such as owner's incentives, resource sharing efficiency, and cost coefficients on the equilibrium results were discussed. This study found that: under the equilibrium strategy, each construction entity can obtain additional benefits through resource sharing whether there is competition or not, and the benefits of resource recipients are greater than that of resource sharers; without competition mechanism, the owner's incentive intensity has a positive impact on the optimal resource sharing price, optimal resource sharing amount, and optimal resource sharing revenue; with competitive mechanism, the owner's incentive intensity has a positive effect on the optimal resource sharing amount, the optimal resource sharing revenue, but has a negative effect on the optimal resource sharing price. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Stability Analysis and Fundamental Diagram Analysis of Road Sections of Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Mixed with Connected Automated Vehicles JIANG Yangsheng, HAO Huijun, YAO Zhihong 2022, 25 (6):  92-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.011 Abstract ( 1040 )   HTML ( 39 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 3008 )   Save In order to study the characteristics of the heterogeneous traffic flow mixed with connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles, the stability and fundamental diagram model of the mixed traffic flow of connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles is proposed. Firstly, four different driving modes in the mixed traffic flow composed of connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles are analyzed. Then, based on the Intelligent Driver Model with different parameters, the mixed traffic flow stability discriminant and fundamental diagram model are derived. Finally, a microscopic simulation environment is constructed based on SUMO simulation software. The results show that as the penetration rate of connected automated vehicles increases, the critical speed range for the stability of the mixed traffic flow gradually decreases. At the same stable speed, the increase in the proportion of connected automated vehicles is conducive to the increase in traffic density and volume. All these prove that connected automated vehicles are not only conducive to the stability of mixed traffic flow, but can also improve the traffic efficiency of the transportation system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Demand Forecast Model Comparison of Airline LRU Parts CAO Yunchun, LIU Yuzhan, SHEN Danyang 2022, 25 (6):  101-109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.012 Abstract ( 915 )   HTML ( 39 )   PDF (813KB) ( 2883 )   Save Accurate demand forecasting of the high-priced and repairable line replaceable unit (LRU) parts is an important basis for airline procurement and an important way to reduce costs. Taking the Engine Driven Pump as an example, traditional forecasting models and the common measurement forecasting models for aviation spare parts were selected to forecast demand; then combined with the comparison of evaluating indexes, the best model was obtained; finally, the forecast demand of the models were discussed and compared with the practices to verify the conclusion. The results show that the negative binomial regression model has obvious advantages among the six models for the demand forecast of LRU parts. It has the lowest AIC, 217.0601. The prediction errors in 2018 and 2019 are only 0.1693 pieces and 7.3850 pieces, and it can meet the realistic requirements of airline flight guarantee rates exceeding 95%. In the case of only the number of failures is available, the measurement forecasting models are more advantageous. The comparison results of the forecasting models can provide reference for the airline's decision to purchase LRU parts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Capacity Constraints Based on Coordinate Firefly Algorithm DONG Hai, LEI Fengda 2022, 25 (6):  110-119,125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.013 Abstract ( 1118 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF (987KB) ( 3193 )   Save In order to solve the cost waste caused by the change of urban traffic road information or customer demand, a dynamic vehicle routing problem model and solution algorithm with time window and capacity constraints are proposed. Firstly, a dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and capacity constraints is established to minimize the total vehicle cost, and DVRP is decomposed into a set of VRP problems by DVRP solver to solve the dynamic problem. Secondly, the coordinate firefly algorithm is proposed to map the discrete solution of the firefly algorithm to the continuous domain to be suitable for the model. The local search is used to improve the algorithm, including initial population, enhanced path, removing nodes and exchanging nodes. Finally, combined with data sets and examples, Matlab is used to analyze the performance of the algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly better than the classical DVRP algorithm in both solution speed and solution quality, and the practical significance of the algorithm and model is verified by an actual case. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on the Motivation Design Model Based on Deep Learning Technology SUN Fei, LUH Dingbang, ZHAO Yulin, SUN Yue 2022, 25 (6):  120-125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.014 Abstract ( 976 )   HTML ( 40 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 2819 )   Save A fast and effective product classification method based on deep learning technology, MdmNet, is proposed, which embeds human's motivation thinking mode into machine learning to form a new product design method. By using the consumer information reasoning method and the weighted fusion module, an experiment is carried out on the benchmark data set Cars. According to the product characteristics of the producer, a classification of motive requirements based on multi-neural network feature fusion is proposed. This idea is to use MDM and multi-neural network fusion to increase the feature extraction of image database data. This method can significantly improve the performance of new product classification, compared with the comparison model, its performance is reflected in the accuracy and other indicators. On the benchmark Dataset Cars, when set to 0.1 and 0.9, MdmNet outputs Top-1, Top-5, and Top-10 correct rates are higher than those of traditional algorithms from the designer's point of view. MdmNet is suitable for such system objects with small amount of data and short time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

REVIEW

A Review of the Pull-to-Center Effect in the Newsvendor Problem LI Shourong, ZHANG Renqian 2022, 25 (6):  126-135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.015 Abstract ( 1379 )   HTML ( 42 )   PDF (451KB) ( 3118 )   Save In 2000, Schweitzer and Cachon reported for the first time the pull-to-center (PTC) effect in the ordering decisions of the bounded newsvendor. Since then, the PTC effect has attracted more and more attention and been widely observed in a large body of experimental and theoretical studies. In this review, the existing literature about the cause of PTC effect from 2000 to 2021, including anchoring and insufficient adjustment heuristics, minimizing ex-post inventory error, recency effect, overconfidence, framing dependence, mental accounting and reference point aspects are summarized. Then, according to the characteristics of how individuals process cognitive information, these behavioral theories and biases leading to the PTC effect are classified into three phases, namely, information acquiring phase, information editing phase and information evaluation phase. The research shows that the current exploration of the PTC effect has mainly focused on the information editing stage. Finally, some potential topics for the future research are proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

PRACTICE & APPLICATION

Pricing Decision of Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering Power Structure under Market Segmentation XU Guihong, CHEN Li, ZHANG Xinrui 2022, 25 (6):  136-145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.016 Abstract ( 980 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (943KB) ( 2888 )   Save The price game between manufacturing and remanufacturing under different power structures and the selection of competitive strategies for market leadership were studied in a demand market consisting of consumers with cognitive differences on remanufactured products. The decision game models under three different situations, in which the manufacturer was market leader (OL), the remanufacturer was market leader (RL) and no market leader (NL) were established and solved respectively. The results show that product has the lowest price and profit under NL mode. In general, when the producer is the market leader, the product has a strong competitive advantage and the highest price. The price difference between the two products and the demand for remanufactured products are the highest in OL mode, followed by NL mode and the lowest in RL mode; the demand for manufactured products is on the contrary. Except for a few cases in which the product demand gap between OL and RL mode is small, enterprises should not compete for market leadership. References | Related Articles | Metrics

An Analysis of the Influence of Incident-Procedure Information System on Operator's Workload in Nuclear Power Plant SHEN Xueze, ZHANG Li, QING Tao, CHEN Shuai, TANG Yaqin 2022, 25 (6):  146-151,159.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.017 Abstract ( 887 )   HTML ( 46 )   PDF (975KB) ( 2734 )   Save Nuclear power plants use accident procedures for accident management, which are mainly divided into paper and digital according to the type of carrier. The accident-procedure information system is a newly developed mobile digital procedure, which provides convenience for the main control room operator to deal with the emergency, but it also brings new human factors, especially the impact on operators' workload after the accident, which must be effectively evaluated. Taking paper regulations and information system as independent variables, the influence of information system on operator's workload is discussed by using surface-EMG technique and subjective scale. The experimental results show that the regulation information system increases the workload of the operator. The main reasons are the change of the operator's behavior pattern, the higher weight of the regulation terminal, interface management tasks, software and hardware adaptation, and the operator's lack of expertise. This research can provide reference for the design and optimization of information system and operator training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Anomaly Detection for Industrial Product Quality Inspection Based on Gaussian Restricted Boltzmann Machine HUANG Cong, NONG Yingxiong, ZHANG Yi 2022, 25 (6):  152-159.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.018 Abstract ( 871 )   HTML ( 41 )   PDF (806KB) ( 2702 )   Save In order to improve the quality anomaly detection performance of industrial products based on complex data features, an intelligent anomaly detection method FE-GRBM for industrial product quality inspection is proposed based on the comprehensive advantages of Gaussian Restricted Boltzmann machine in nonlinear modeling and computational complexity. Specifically, the free energy based model training and detection strategies are studied, using the mathematical relationship between free energy and natural logarithm of edge probability of GRBM. The method are verified by the quality inspection of cigarette products in real case. The results show that the average performance of FE-GRBM is 0.29 higher than the highest score among the three traditional methods, and 0.04 higher than that of RE-GRBM, which shows the superiority of our method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-type Storage Unit Quantity Configuration for Sorting Systems with Limited Storage Space LI Jing, CHEN Qingxin, MAO Ning 2022, 25 (6):  160-167.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.019 Abstract ( 910 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (877KB) ( 2692 )   Save Due to the uncertainty of the batch production quantity of panel furniture orders, in order to maximize the use of limited space to store as many plates as possible, the linear integer programming is used to solve the optimal storage unit type and quantity based on the constraint that the probability of large plates in the sorting system that cannot be stored (explosion) is less than 5%. Through calculation examples, the rationality of the model is verified, which also shows that not a full turnover rate storage strategy or more classified storage strategies will definitely increase the demand for storage space. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design of Evaluation System for Workover Rig Operation Posture Comfort Based on Creo QU Wentao, MA Lina, XU Jianbo, YANG Bin 2022, 25 (6):  168-172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2022.06.020 Abstract ( 891 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (1249KB) ( 2711 )   Save Aiming at the problem of insufficient comfort accuracy of the qualitative evaluation operating system and difficulty in guiding the optimization of the man-machine layout plan, a work posture comfort evaluation system is established. The system is designed based on biomechanical analysis data of skeletal muscle combined with the secondary development of Creo, which can quantitatively evaluate the comfort of working posture,so as to optimize the layout plan.Firstly,taking the sitting height, inclination of backrest, and pedal position as variables, the evaluation model is constructed through the biomechanics simulation data of the driller's work.Then,using Creo/Toolkit combined with MFC technology to construct a human-computer interaction interface, and obtain a work posture comfort evaluation system.Finally, according to the model’s real-time evaluation of comfort, the model is directly optimized.The research shows that the established Creo-based operating posture comfort evaluation system accelerates the iterative efficiency of the layout plan and makes up for the shortcomings of the Creo man-machine analysis module;It provides a new way to quantitatively and quickly solve the operation posture comfort evaluation and a new idea to solve the problem of workover rig operation comfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics