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28 February 2023, Volume 26 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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System Analysis & Management Decision

Retailer's Strategy Selection Considering Consumers' Anticipated Regret GUAN Zhenzhong, KANG Huaifei 2023, 26 (1):  1-7,40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.001 Abstract ( 1142 )   HTML ( 3157 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 2093 )   Save A two-period model considering stochastic demand is proposed, for evaluating the impact of forward-looking and regret-prone behavior of consumers on the determination of optimal price and inventory. The influence of consumers' anticipated regret on the retailer's optimal decision-making is studied. Besides, two strategies for guiding consumers to buy immediately are analyzed: price commitment and quick response. Results show that, high-price (stockout) regret aggravates (mitigates) strategic waiting behavior, and the retailer should decrease (increase) the price and the inventory. Both price commitment and quick response can alleviate strategic waiting behavior, but the value of the two is oppositely affected by consumers' anticipated regret. Price commitment outperforms quick response only when the replenishment cost is above a certain threshold and consumers' anticipated regret sensitivity is below a certain threshold. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Part Quality Upgrade Efforts and Pricing Strategy Based on Manufacturer's Behavior Preference CUI Qingan, SUN Yi 2023, 26 (1):  8-18,51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.002 Abstract ( 1020 )   HTML ( 2389 )   PDF (2049KB) ( 2096 )   Save In order to study the effort input of quality upgrade and pricing in the secondary supply chain composed of suppliers and manufacturers with behavioral preferences, a model was established based on mean-variance method and FS fairness theory. Using the method of Stackelberg game, the impact of the quality level of the final products and parts, the quality upgrade level of the parts and manufacturer's behavior preference on the decision-making and utility of both sides of the supply chain was analyzed, and verified by numerical simulation. The study found that while the utility of both sides of the supply chain, the price of parts, the efforts to upgrade the quality of parts, and the order quantity are positively correlated with the level of quality upgrade of parts, they are affected by the level of quality upgrade of parts and show different trends from the quality of final products. Furthermore, the price of parts is affected by the market environment and the quality of parts shows different trends. The utility of both sides of the supply chain, the efforts to upgrade the quality of parts, and the order quantity are negatively related to the quality of parts. The order quantity, the efforts to upgrade the quality of parts, and the price of parts are positively related to the manufacturer's risk aversion, and negatively related to the manufacturer's fairness preference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Production Decision-making Model for Emergency Medical Supplies Considering Multiple Reference Points under Uncertainty of Epidemic Evolution MAO Qinghua, LYU Jian, LI Yajing 2023, 26 (1):  19-29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.003 Abstract ( 933 )   HTML ( 2276 )   PDF (953KB) ( 2094 )   Save A model based on cumulative prospect theory considering multiple reference points is proposed for solving production decision-making problems of emergency medical supplies with multiple-format decision information and enterprise social responsibility under uncertainty of epidemic evolution. This model overall considers the influence of enterprises' economic targets and social responsibility in production decisions, and constructs multiple reference points to represent the uncertainty of decision-makers' expectations when the evolution direction of the epidemic is uncertain based on the psychological characteristics of decision-makers, such as risk and loss aversion, reference dependence. The decision matrix with multiple-format evaluation information is normalized, and the decision matrix of profit and loss is constructed according to the reference points in different evolution directions. The subjective value matrix is established by the attitude of decision-makers towards profit and loss, and the probability of the evolution direction after distortion is obtained according to the subjective probability function, then the cumulative prospect value of each production program is calculated and ranked. An example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, and contrastive analysis and sensitivity analysis are employed to prove the superiority of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Pricing Strategy of Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Fairness Concern under Platform Differences ZHANG Qin, SUN Lihong 2023, 26 (1):  30-40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.004 Abstract ( 1124 )   HTML ( 2259 )   PDF (1983KB) ( 2208 )   Save In order to discuss the cooperation between the manufacturer and the reselling platform and the agency selling platform, a Stackelberg game model led by the manufacturer is applied to analyze the decision-making of the supply chain when the retailer has horizontal fairness concern, vertical fairness concern and bidirectional fairness concerns. An example is given to compare the effects of different fairness concerns on pricing strategies and profits of supply chain members, and the platform selection strategies of the manufacturer are further discussed. The research shows that the tendency of retailers to be concerned about fairness is not always conducive to improving their own profits. From the perspective of absolute profit, the greater the horizontal fairness concern is, the more favorable it is for the manufacturer to cooperate with reselling platform. The greater the vertical fairness concern is, the better for the manufacturer working with agency selling platform. From the perspective of relative profit, the manufacturer tends to cooperate with reselling platform under high horizontal fairness concern and low vertical fairness concern while the manufacturer tends to partner with agency selling platform under low horizontal fairness concern and high vertical fairness concern. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Decision-making and Coordination of Fresh E-commerce Supply Chain Under the Dual Factors of Offline Experience Service and Fresh-keeping Efforts ZHOU Tao, MENG Xiangqian, TAO Ming 2023, 26 (1):  41-51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.005 Abstract ( 1101 )   HTML ( 1197 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 2153 )   Save Using the game theory method and considering the existence of dual factors of offline experience service and fresh-keeping efforts, a study was conducted on a two-level fresh e-commerce supply chain composed of agricultural product suppliers and e-commerce platform. And the optimal decision of each member of fresh e-commerce supply chain under centralized decision and decentralized decision was obtained. The analysis results show that the optimal solution of centralized decision-making is better than decentralized decision-making, and the optimal target value of the supply chain under the two modes is directly proportional to the experience service sensitivity coefficient and freshness sensitivity coefficient, indicating that improving the offline service level and fresh-keeping efforts is the key to improving the performance of the supply chain. By proposing a "two-way cost sharing" contract, the experience service and preservation efforts can reach the centralized decision-making level, but the total profit of the supply chain has not been improved. On this basis, by proposing the contract of "two-way cost sharing + revenue sharing", the perfect coordination and Pareto improvement of supply chain are realized. And the validity of the contract is verified by a numerical analysis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Contracts Analysis of Cross-border Logistics Service Supply Chain: With a Consideration of Customs Clearance Level YANG Yang, LIU Yuyao 2023, 26 (1):  52-62,90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.006 Abstract ( 1084 )   HTML ( 1110 )   PDF (2068KB) ( 2206 )   Save In order to achieve a completely coordinated cross-border logistics service supply chain, a two-level supply chain consisting of a cross-border logistics service provider and a logistics service integrator was constructed by applying Stackelberg game theory. Factor analysis is used to measure the level of customs clearance to analyze the impact of the level of customs clearance on the optimal decision and coordinated operation of the cross-border logistics service supply chain, and a contract mechanism designed for the perfect coordination of the cross-border logistics service supply chain. The research shows that considering the customs clearance level, the cross-border logistics service supply chain members and the overall profits of the supply chain can be improved. The overall profit of cross-border logistics service supply chain under centralized decision-making is always higher than that under decentralized decision-making. The revenue sharing contract can realize the Pareto optimization of cross-border logistics service providers and the overall decision-making of the supply chain, but it cannot achieve the complete coordination of the supply chain, while the two-part pricing contract model improved by Nash negotiation can achieve the complete coordination of the supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of Low-carbon Ordering Strategies of Fresh Products with Partial Demand Information BAI Qingguo, LYU Shan, XU Jianteng 2023, 26 (1):  63-72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.007 Abstract ( 903 )   HTML ( 1682 )   PDF (858KB) ( 2051 )   Save In order to study the operational strategies of fresh products in the stochastic demand environment considering incomplete information and carbon emission reduction factors, two distributionally robust optimization models for the case under cap-and-trade regulation and that without considering carbon emission were formulated, respectively, based on the single period stochastic inventory system. The optimal ordering quantities were solved for two models through max-min expected profit criterion and optimization method. The impacts of the standard deviation coefficient and the trading price of unit carbon permit on the order quantity of fresh products, profit and carbon emissions were verified by conducting numerical analysis. The results show that the optimal storage level is determined uniquely to maximize the expected profit of fresh products in the worst distribution case. When compared with the case without considering carbon regulation, cap-and-trade regulation can lead the retailer to achieve higher profit and lower carbon emissions. Moreover, the partial information of the demand has higher effects on the profit under cap-and-trade regulation than that without considering carbon emission. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on Anti-counterfeiting Traceability Model of Online Shopping Products ZHANG Zijian, LIU Yanchen 2023, 26 (1):  73-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.008 Abstract ( 932 )   HTML ( 1583 )   PDF (1274KB) ( 1999 )   Save Taking the establishment of anti-counterfeiting system as the research object, the decision-making mechanism of anti-counterfeiting investment of brand manufacturers and platform sellers in the supply chain is studied. According to the platform resale mode and agent mode respectively, the decision-making of anti-counterfeiting technology investment of product brand and platform seller is established, and the balanced anti-counterfeiting credibility, balanced anti-counterfeiting investment threshold and equilibrium profit are drawn from different channel modes, and a comparative analysis is carried out. The study finds that when the anti-counterfeiting system is established, there is always a value range of the agent fee ratio in the agent mode so that the brand and platform profit is higher than the profit in the resale mode, and at the same time, the profit of the brand in the two modes after the establishment of the anti-counterfeiting traceability mechanism is always better than the profit when the anti-counterfeiting system is not established, and the profit of the platform can be higher than the profit before the establishment of the anti-counterfeiting system under the double limit of the penetration rate and quality difference of the platform. The study also shows that under certain conditions, the selection of anti-counterfeiting traceability mechanism can improve the total profit of the supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study of New Service Strategy in Customer-intensive Services Considering Service Environment LI Chengzhang, ZHAN Wentao, JIANG Minghui 2023, 26 (1):  82-90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.009 Abstract ( 952 )   HTML ( 2027 )   PDF (720KB) ( 1973 )   Save In customer intensive service, service with more patience is easy to cause congestion in the queue, but high-quality service environment can effectively reduce the anxiety of customers in the process of waiting while it will also increase the cost of service providers. Based on M/M/1 model, the impact of service environment on customer waiting process and the optimal decisions of service providers on service environment level, rate and service price are analyzed. It is found that service providers in the early stage of development need to pay more attention to the construction of service environment and "quality competition". If the market demand exceeds a certain threshold, the influence of the service environment on customers' purchase decisions will decrease, and service providers need to occupy a larger market share through lower prices to seek greater room for overall profits. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-attribute Decision Making Method Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy EDAS JIN Tengyu, GENG Xiuli 2023, 26 (1):  91-97.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.010 Abstract ( 1093 )   HTML ( 2136 )   PDF (508KB) ( 2131 )   Save Aiming at the complexity and uncertainty of multi-attribute decision-making, a multi-attribute decision-making method based on interval type-2 fuzzy EDAS is proposed. Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FS) is used to express the evaluation information to solve the problem of individual differences in experts' preference information. The evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) is used to rank the alternatives, and the interval type-2 fuzzy number is used to express the evaluation information to construct the decision matrix. The final ranking of the schemes is based on the defuzzification result of the calculated comprehensive evaluation value. To solve the problem that attribute weights need to be obtained from outside in EDAS, the best worst method (BWM) improved by interval type-2 fuzzy sets is used to determine the attribute weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by taking the cloud service scheme of new energy vehicles purchased by an automobile manufacturing enterprise as an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-objective Real-time Optimization Study of Takeaway Vehicle Routes Problem XIONG Hao, GUO Haoying, YAN Huili, CHEN Jinyi 2023, 26 (1):  98-107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.011 Abstract ( 1495 )   HTML ( 2293 )   PDF (736KB) ( 2420 )   Save With the development of the takeaway industry, the vehicle route problem of takeaway has attracted widespread attention from scholars. However, the existing research does not consider the rider in the objective function and does not consider how to set the weight in the dynamic scene. Therefore, the multi-objective real-time optimization of takeaway delivery routes is studied. Considering the platform, customer and rider in the objective function, a multi-objective takeaway delivery route optimization model is established. A heuristic algorithm for dynamically adjusting the weight of the takeaway delivery route is designed, which solves the problem of setting multi-objective weights in dynamic scenarios. Numerical experiments are carried out on real-time data of takeaway industry. The results show that the algorithm proposed can effectively optimize the real-time route for multi-objective takeaway delivery problems; and the density of orders has a direct impact on rider waiting time and order fulfillment time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

System Modeling & Optimization Algorithm

Study of Large-Vehicle-Based Unmanned Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Replenishment LIAO Yi, YE Yan, LENG Jiewu 2023, 26 (1):  108-114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.012 Abstract ( 1830 )   HTML ( 1907 )   PDF (554KB) ( 2149 )   Save SUDVs are not suitable for long-distance delivery. To increase the scope of delivery services, the trucks can be matched with SUDVs to complete the “last mile delivery task”, which poses new challenges to the vehicle routing optimization problem. Considering the characteristics of the limited number of delivery vehicles, the urban transport with considerable package and the restrictions on truck parking, a large vehicle (LV)-SUDV routing optimization problem is proposed, by which SUDVs can be replenished by LVs. A mixed integer programming model is established with the objective of minimum total distance. In this mode, one LV carries multiple SUDVs for distribution, SUDVs deliver directly to the customer, and SUDVs can replenish goods at the LVs and perform multiple deliveries. Besides, a hybrid genetic large neighborhood search algorithm is designed for this model, and a large neighborhood search algorithm is added to optimize the individual based on the genetic algorithm. In the algorithm optimization process, first the path of the SUDV is optimized, and then the path of the LV optimized based on the path of the SUDVs. Numerical experiments show that for small-scale problems, the proposed algorithm takes up to 6% of the CPLEX solution time to obtain the optimal solution. On the modified Solomon data, the proposed algorithm has an average 95.5% advantage in calculation results compared with genetic algorithms, and an average 7.2% advantage in calculation results compared with large neighborhood search algorithms. Besides, the greater the amount of data, the greater the advantage of the calculation results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on the Strategy of Setting Variable Approach Lane Based on Evolutionary Game Theory KONG Xiangfen, LIU Jingyun, WANG Jie, TANG Shuzhen, ZHAO Anli 2023, 26 (1):  115-122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.013 Abstract ( 940 )   HTML ( 1445 )   PDF (1066KB) ( 2178 )   Save The setting of variable approach lane will improve road traffic efficiency but at the same time may cause drivers to be emotionally stressed or cause violations and even accidents because the drivers do not understand the road conditions. This phenomenon will have a negative impact on the safety and stable operation of the transportation system. Taking the strategic choice of the traffic control department to set up variable approach lane as the research objective, and combining factors such as the nervousness loss caused by the driver when driving in the variable approach lane, a traffic control department-driver two-party game model is constructed, and the method of evolutionary game theory adopted to analyze both sides of the game choose behavior evolution and stable strategies, obtaining the ideal state of the system and the corresponding parameter conditions, and providing theoretical support for the traffic control department to set up variable approach lanes for strategic selection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-stove Scheduling Model and Algorithm with Mergeable Products DAI Tao, FAN Xiangqi, WU Yong 2023, 26 (1):  123-129,145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.014 Abstract ( 943 )   HTML ( 1462 )   PDF (956KB) ( 2106 )   Save The scheduling of cooking stoves during the peak period is the key activity to "shorten the waiting time, improve customer satisfaction and achieve revenue growth" for the catering enterprises with take-out business. Based on the characteristics, which are “multiple stoves, variety of dishes in one order with a same pick-up time, same dishes can be combined”, a double-layer scheduling model is constructed. In the model, the lower layer is a multi-stove dish-package scheduling model based on parallel machine scheduling, and the upper is an order selection model based on knapsack problem. In order to solve the model in a reasonable time and extend the model to the dynamic scheduling case, a specific genetic algorithm is proposed. Numerical experiment is designed to evaluate the convergence and efficiency of the algorithm, meanwhile the solution is compared with 3 common strategies, which are the most urgent next, the longest process next and the most popular dish next. The results show that this model can achieve the highest order-finishing rate and the shortest overtime. References | Related Articles | Metrics

MEWMA-p Chart to Monitor Percent Defective ZHU Yongzhong, DING Hui 2023, 26 (1):  130-135,181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.015 Abstract ( 902 )   HTML ( 1408 )   PDF (823KB) ( 2079 )   Save The traditional Shewhart-p control chart only monitors the percent defective of a single property and has a certain lag in the process offset. A multivariate exponentially weighted moving average p (MEWMA-p) control chart is proposed to improve the accuracy of the percent defective control chart. The control chart applies the percent defective of multiple properties to the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart, which can monitor multiple properties at the same time and is more sensitive to small ranges of shift. The average run length (ARL) table of exponentially weighted moving average p (EWMA-p) control chart and MEWMA-p control chart is studied and compared at the same offset degree, and the validity of this method is verified by simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Weak Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Based on Cuckoo Adaptive Stochastic Resonance and ITD QUAN Zhenya, ZHANG Xueliang, LI Pengcheng 2023, 26 (1):  136-145.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.016 Abstract ( 937 )   HTML ( 1271 )   PDF (2768KB) ( 2058 )   Save In order to solve the problem of early weak fault diagnosis of bearings, the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) is proposed. ITD and cuckoo adaptive stochastic resonance (CASR) are combined to extract feature frequencies of early weak faults of rolling bearings. Rolling bearing vibration signals were collected for complex and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and difficult problem to extract the fault features, the combination of ITD can inhibit the endpoint effects and low computation complexity, this method will take signal-to-noise ratio as the objective function of the stochastic resonance, through the simulation signal analysis and examples, will adopt ITD as pretreatment of CASR signals processing. The signal-to-noise ratio can be increased by 2.17 times, and the fault features can be effectively extracted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of Project Tacit Knowledge Transfer Factors Based on Improved SIR Model QU Ying, ZHAI Junwei 2023, 26 (1):  146-152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.017 Abstract ( 785 )   HTML ( 1418 )   PDF (814KB) ( 2038 )   Save Tacit knowledge is an important asset of the organization. The successful transfer and absorption of tacit knowledge plays an important role in the success or failure of the project organization. Tacit knowledge transfer performance is affected by various factors, such as the proportion of transfer subjects, knowledge fuzziness, contact rate, learning willingness, and forgetting rate. Through analogy analysis of infectious disease transmission mechanism and project tacit knowledge transfer process, SIR model is introduced. Based on the type of project organization members and knowledge transfer process, an improved SIR model of project tacit knowledge transfer is established. The impact of various factors on knowledge transfer performance is simulated and analyzed. The law of tacit knowledge transfer is found by the simulation of various factors. The results show that knowledge fuzziness and forgetting rate have negative effects on knowledge transfer performance; the contact rate and learning intention of organizational members have positive effects on knowledge transfer performance, and those factors can effectively reduce the negative effect of other factors. Therefore, in order to promote the transfer of tacit knowledge, project organization should increase the ways of knowledge transmission and the number of knowledge learners, improve the indirect contact rate of members, reduce the rate of knowledge forgetting, and build a project-based learning project organization community. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reliable Incomplete Hub-and-Spoke Network Design Model LI Tingting, ZHANG Yongbo 2023, 26 (1):  153-161.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.018 Abstract ( 799 )   HTML ( 1315 )   PDF (689KB) ( 2026 )   Save Hub disruptions in the incomplete hub-and-spoke network will lead to a substantial increase of the network transportation cost. The study of a reliable incomplete hub-and-spoke network design model is helpful to counter the adverse effects of hub disruptions. To design a reliable incomplete hub-and-spoke network, based on the incomplete hub-and-spoke network design model, for the two modes of demand allocation after hub disruption, models of reliable incomplete hub-and-spoke network design problem were built and linearized. A numerical example was given to validate the effectiveness of the models. Results show that the node with the most demand is always selected as hub. Backup hubs and allocation schemes may be different under different modes. From the manager’s point of view, the SB mode is adopted, in order to reduce the difficulty of management. From the traveler’s point of view, the MB mode should be adopted, in order to reduce the transportation cost. For incomplete hub-and-spoke network, it is necessary to consider hub disruption to design a reliable network. Because under normal circumstances, the transportation cost of reliable incomplete network is more than that of incomplete network without considering hub disruption (no more than 5%, and the denser the network, the less the difference). However, after hub disruption, unconnected circumstance after hub disruption in RIHNDP is avoided. The transportation cost of RIHNDP is less than that of incomplete network without considering hub disruption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environment-Friendly Optimization Design of Rural Wastewater Treatment Networks XU Ke, JIANG Peng, ZHENG Meimei, LIU Xiao 2023, 26 (1):  162-169.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.019 Abstract ( 921 )   HTML ( 1283 )   PDF (901KB) ( 2013 )   Save Given rural domestic wastewater with small quantity and scattered distribution, an environment-friendly decision framework based on the hybridization of clustering and bi-objective mixed-integer programming (BOMIP) is proposed to plan wastewater treatment networks systematically and efficiently. The clustering corresponds to the wastewater collection stage, while the BOMIP matches the wastewater treatment stage. An improved NSGA-II algorithm is found to solve the model to make decisions related to plants locations and pipes laying. A numerical example verifies the case with the basic data of a typical village in the Yangtze River Delta region. The computational results demonstrate that the solution quality of the improved algorithm is close to that of the conventional constraint method but with less time. The proposed framework and algorithm could help decision-makers to build cost-effective and environment-friendly rural wastewater treatment networks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Joint Dynamic Scheduling Strategy for Job Sequencing and Tool Switching in Complex Surface Intelligent Production Unit PENG Chengfeng, LI Zhantao, CHEN Qingxin, LAI Huihui 2023, 26 (1):  170-181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.01.020 Abstract ( 842 )   HTML ( 1023 )   PDF (2316KB) ( 2037 )   Save Taking the complex surface intelligent production units as the research background, a joint dynamic job-tool scheduling problem of multi-machine is abstracted. This research is conducted in the following three steps: Firstly, the characteristics of complex surface intelligent production unit are analyzed, a mathematical model of job-tool joint scheduling is established. Secondly, priority dispatching rules are embedded into the algorithm framework, and thus 72 combined algorithms based on the characteristics of problem are generated. Finally, considerable calculation examples are designed and simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the effectiveness and adaptability of combined algorithms in different system performance indicators, and FNOP-rule-based algorithm obtains the better performed one in 75% circumstances. The research could provide guidance to the production planning for workshop production manager. References | Related Articles | Metrics