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30 August 2023, Volume 26 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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System Analysis & Management Decision

An Optimal Pricing Strategy of Omni-channel Supply Chain under BOPS Retail Service ZHANG Zijian, LIU Xiaoqiao 2023, 26 (4):  1-8.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.001 Abstract ( 913 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (877KB) ( 1680 )   Save This paper investigates the interaction between manufacturers and retailers (online and offline) in terms of different pricing and service value strategies with the implementation of the "buy-online, pick-up-in-store" (BOPS) omnichannel mode. Using a modified Hotelling model to obtain the market demand function, a manufacturer-driven Stackelberg supply chain model is established to analyze the equilibrium prices and service values of four strategies: centralized dual-channel, centralized omni-channel, decentralized dual-channel and decentralized omni-channel strategies. The four strategies are compared using a numerical simulation. Results show that the retailer's service value has a positive impact on the pricing of supply chain members; the BOPS omni-channel pricing strategy is significantly superior to the dual-channel pricing strategy, and the advantage of the omni-channel strategy is more obvious in a centralized supply chain than that in a decentralized supply chain. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis shows that the overall supply chain revenue increases with the increase of the market size expansion factor of the BOPS channel; the optimal pricing strategy is a centralized omni-channel strategy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Method of Designer Team Discovery Integrating Preference and Structure Similarities for Crowdsourcing Platforms LIU Dianting, WU Shan, ZHAO Sijia, SHANG Lei, YE Hengzhou 2023, 26 (4):  9-15.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.002 Abstract ( 677 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (907KB) ( 1065 )   Save In crowdsourcing design projects of complex products, designers are often required to form teams to continuously interact and collaborate to complete relevant tasks. In order to solve the problem of different preferences among team members during team formation, this paper proposes a team discovery algorithm called S_Louvain based on the combination of member preference and structure similarities, which considers the preferences among team members and improves the modularity index. The preference attribute similarity and the topology structure similarity of nodes are first calculated. The candidate node set of the target team is then expanded combining the nodes given by users and their neighbor nodes with consideration of their preference and structure similarities. With the candidate node set as the core, the interests and preferences of a design team are mined to calculate the improved modularity and update the optimal team division. The experimental results on public datasets and crowdsourced engineering instance datasets show that the modularity index of team division is improved, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of the algorithm proposed in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Coordination Mechanism Designing for E-commerce Closed-loop Supply Chains with Asymmetric Information of Fairness Concerns QIN Yanhong, GAO Neng 2023, 26 (4):  16-26.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.003 Abstract ( 758 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1260KB) ( 1101 )   Save Considering the asymmetry of fairness-concern information on e-commerce platforms, a recycling and pricing decision model in a manufacturer-dominated e-commerce closed-loop supply chain is established. The impact of fairness concerns on the decisions of all parties in an e-commerce closed-loop supply chain is studied by reverse induction and comparative analysis, and the contract with revenue sharing and cost sharing is designed to coordinate the e-commerce closed-loop supply chain. Results show that whether fairness preference information of e-commerce platforms is symmetric or not, the wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the e-commerce closed-loop supply chain, however, as long as the manufacturer considers fairness concerns of the e-commerce platform for decision-making, it is beneficial to reduce retail prices, improve service levels and waste recycling rates; Whether the fairness preference information of the e-commerce platform is symmetric or not, the contract with revenue sharing and cost sharing can always optimize the decisions of all parties, improve waste recycling rates, achieve coordination of an e-commerce closed-loop supply chain, and improve profits of all parties in terms of Pareto optimization. Moreover, the fairness concerns of the e-commerce platform can increase the range of revenue sharing ratios, making it easier to achieve coordination of an e-commerce closed-loop supply chain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Mechanism Study of Cognitive VDT Monitoring Performance Based on Process Recognition HUANG Kun, LIAO Bin 2023, 26 (4):  27-34,43.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.004 Abstract ( 735 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (971KB) ( 1000 )   Save To improving the performance of cognitive visual display terminal (VDT) monitoring, the hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to analyze the operation process and the mechanism of performance formation. An HMM conceptual model of cognitive VDT monitoring task is established and the experiments are designed by E-Prime. Then, the performance and eye movement data are collected by ErgoLAB platform to train and test the HMM parameters. The observation sequences are decoded into cognitive therbligs chains by Viterbi algorithm. Finally, the relationship between the characteristics of cognitive therbligs chains and operation performance to explore the mechanism of performance formation. Results show that the process of cognitive VDT monitoring can be represented by cognitive therbligs chains, and the differences in operators and operations may lead to different chains; under the same structure, the operation performance decreases as the cognitive therbligs chain becomes longer; differences in structures and types of cognitive therbligs chains affect the operation performance when the lengths of chains are equal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Manufacturer Output and Publicity Decisions Considering Capacity Constraints under Pre-sale Mode XIAO Min, WU Jianjian 2023, 26 (4):  35-43.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.005 Abstract ( 796 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (853KB) ( 1068 )   Save In order to help small and medium-sized enterprises with self-produced and self-sold products make reasonable decisions on output and publicity efforts, a decision-making model is established for two situations of production capacity exceeding and below the threshold. The optimal decision is established by using the extremum method of multivariate functions and the K-T condition method of linear constrained quadratic programming. The impact of the decision maker’s risk aversion and product unit cost on utility in two situations is compared and analyzed by using Matlab. Results show that production capacity levels can affect output and publicity efforts decisions, but there is always a fixed proportional relationship between them; when product return rates increase, enterprises should actively expand production and reduce publicity efforts; enterprises with relatively low capacity levels should not blindly increase production capacity, if the production capacity is close to the threshold, more consideration should be given to improve product performance or optimize online services; for enterprises with high product return and depreciation rates, the focus should be on reducing the return rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Economic Designing of Acceptance Sampling Plans Based on Imperfect Inspection ZHANG Bin, YANG Fengping, ZHOU Xiaowen 2023, 26 (4):  44-51,61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.006 Abstract ( 745 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (969KB) ( 989 )   Save In actual production and sampling inspection, due to a variety of factors, the percentage of nonconforming products is often unknown and random, and inspection errors are also difficult to avoid. In order to reduce the risk and loss caused by sampling plans, the posterior risk probability of manufacturer and users is calculated by using the probability of inspection errors and the prior distribution of nonconforming product ratios in a batch. An integer nonlinear programming economic model based on imperfect inspection is established with a comprehensive consideration of sampling cost, reinspection cost and misjudgment loss. The optimal sampling plan is obtained and compared with the sampling plan without inspection errors. Finally, the effects of model parameters on the sampling plan and the two types of risks are discussed. Results show that the average total inspection with inspection errors is relatively large when defective rate of products is small; the average inspection quality of the two methods is very close, but the upper bound of the average outgoing quality with inspection errors is slightly lower than that without inspection errors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Profit-sharing Contracts Designing of General Contracting Construction Supply Chains under Different Fair Reference Points WU Shaoyan, YU Lei, DENG Binchao, ZHANG Lixing 2023, 26 (4):  52-61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.007 Abstract ( 765 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (888KB) ( 1127 )   Save To solve the bilateral moral hazard problem caused by unfair distribution of profits, the models to optimize the distribution of project profits are established for a general contractor and for subcontractors, respectively, under multiple fair reference points. The Stackelberg game theory method is used to solve the problem through reverse reasoning and a numerical example is used to verify its effectiveness. This study analyzes the impact of absolute and relative fair reference points on the optimal profit distribution coefficient, the optimal effort of each party, and the overall profit of the supply chain, when subcontractors have different fairness concerns and bargaining power. Results show that: first, when subcontractors have a higher degree of fairness concern, they can obtain a higher profit distribution coefficient with the relative fairness concern model; second, the increase of profit distribution coefficient is gradually reduced with both fairness concern models; third, when subcontractors have both high bargaining power and a high degree of fairness concern, using the relative fairness concern model can more effectively motivate subcontractors to improve their efforts; finally, the overall benefits of a construction supply chain reach the optimal level when the bargaining power of the general contractor is equal to that of subcontractors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A Determination Method of Objective Weights for Mixed Attribute Decisions Based on Symmetric K-L Distances and Decision Makers' Subjective Preferences MA Jinshan 2023, 26 (4):  62-69,84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.008 Abstract ( 691 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (896KB) ( 1023 )   Save The symmetric Kullback-Leibler (K-L) distance is adopted considering the preference ratios of decision makers (DM) for deterministic and uncertain terms of a uncertain number to directly determine the objective weights of mixed attribute decisions involving uncertain information. This approach first converts the indicators of mixed data into binary connection numbers and further divides them into two-tuple numbers. These converted numbers are normalized for comparison of various attributes. Then the symmetric K-L distances among indicators of each attribute are calculated. Moreover, the symmetric K-L distances of each attribute are summarized as the initial objective weight. It is normalized to obtain the final objective weight of each attribute. The numerical example shows that the proposed determination method of objective weights can minimize the information loss with unified processing and simple principles. Besides, it can effectively solve the problem of determining objective attribute weights containing uncertain information, which also verifies that the subjective preferences of DMs have a significant effect on the determination of objective weights. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Four-dimensional Evolutionary Game of Government Diversified Behavior in Regional Logistics Integration ZHANG Guangsheng 2023, 26 (4):  70-76,95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.009 Abstract ( 678 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (884KB) ( 1035 )   Save In order to reveal the dynamic process of local government strategy selection in regional logistics integration, a bi-tuple improved classical four-dimensional evolutionary game model is established with the two local governments in a region as the study object under the premise of bounded rationality assumption. The evolution trajectory and equilibrium state of diversified behavior in intergovernmental cooperation are solved and the influence path of key factors is analyzed such as direct benefit, collaborative benefit, direct cost, collaborative cost and capacity compensation on regional logistics integration behavior. Results show that both direct and collaborative cost can affect the regional logistics integration; after the supervision is strengthened, the intergovernmental capacity compensation can effectively promote the regional logistics integration cooperation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

System Modeling & Optimization Algorithm

Group Role Assignment of Relay UAVs in Earthquake-stricken Areas LIU Dongning, ZENG Simin, CHEN Lingfeng, WU Shijue 2023, 26 (4):  77-84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.010 Abstract ( 667 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (2011KB) ( 973 )   Save Earthquakes often lead to communication interruptions, so it is an important task in disaster relief to establish and restore a stable and reliable communication network quickly. UAVs can serve as mobile relays for rapid networking across geographical constraints. Therefore, this paper studies the allocation problem of relay UAVs in disaster areas during unsaturated rescue periods based on group role assignment. A communication network with a minimum spanning tree is constructed and the optimal task assignment is conducted through group role assignment. However, due to the limitations of mechanical and electrical characteristics, there are horizontal and vertical errors during UAVs’ flight, leading to that the straight-line flight distance cannot be used as the main basis for model evaluation. To this end, this paper designs an efficient greedy backtracking algorithm with the objective of minimizing the number of error corrections, solving the flight trajectories of UAVs. Based on it, a cost matrix is established. Experimental results show that the flight trajectory planning and assignment algorithms are efficient and reliable based on the group role assignment modeling system. It can effectively and accurately deploy the communication network, which can give an important support for UAVs to serve as mobile relays in disaster relief. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Multi-objective Optimization of Railway Project Schedules Based on Modified NSGA-II ZHOU Guohua, MA Yiting 2023, 26 (4):  85-95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.011 Abstract ( 700 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (994KB) ( 1007 )   Save With the objective of minimizing the total construction duration and the total cost, a multi-objective optimization model of railway projects is established based on RSM method and an improved NSGA-II algorithm is proposed for the railway construction scenarios including linear, strip, and block activities, where linear activities can be reverse constructed and the construction rates can be variable. The algorithm designs a uniform evolutionary elite selection strategy for hierarchical selection of individuals to improve the population diversity and convergence. Also, the mutation and crossover operators of differential evolution algorithm are introduced to construct hierarchical multi-strategy adaptive mutation and crossover operators to balance the local and global search abilities of the entire population. Results show that the consideration of special activities and construction directions can enhance the applicability of the model to railway projects; the modified algorithm has fast convergence speed, stable operation, and better results, which can satisfy the optimization of large-scale railway project schedules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bi-level Optimization of Urban and Rural Passenger Vehicle Scheduling Integrating Passenger, Cargo and Express Mail Service LU Fang, HUANG Bin, YAN Leiduo 2023, 26 (4):  96-103,123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.012 Abstract ( 674 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 1048 )   Save In order to improve the three-level logistics distribution system in counties and villages and complement the shortcomings of rural delivery logistics infrastructure, the mode integrating passenger, cargo and express mail service emerges. The integration of passenger, cargo and express mail service is mainly implemented through passenger vehicles. However, due to the low frequency of passenger vehicles in rural areas, the mentioned integration faces problems such as high operating cost of passenger vehicles and long delivery time during implementation. To address the issues of operating cost and the delivery of passengers and cargo, a bi-level programming model for coordinated vehicle scheduling is established by considering the scheduling optimization of urban and rural passenger vehicles integrating of passenger, cargo and express mail service. It can optimize the fleet size and improve the efficiency of express delivery in rural areas. The upper-level programming model takes the minimum of total travel time of passengers and cargo as the objective, while the lower-level programming model takes the minimum of fleet size as the objective. The deficit function is used to transform the lower-level objective into the constrain of the model, and the optimal solution of the bi-level programming model is obtained based on a deterministic fleet size. Through numerical example analysis, the differences in total travel time between the integration of passenger, cargo and express mail service and the separation of passengers and goods are compared. Results show that considering the integration of passenger, cargo and express mail service can effectively reduce the total travel time of passengers and cargo with different fleet sizes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Robust Optimization of Multi-modal Transportation Routing with Low-carbon under Demand Uncertainty DENG Mingjun, DAI Yuzhen, LI Xiang 2023, 26 (4):  104-113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.013 Abstract ( 745 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (978KB) ( 1052 )   Save Based on the demand uncertainty and carbon trading policies, this work aims to enable multi-modal transportation operators to develop low-carbon and efficient transportation plans. Considering the constraints of railway and waterway schedules as well as receiving time windows, a robust optimization model of multi-modal transportation routing with the objective as the minimum of economic cost is established using robust optimization to describe uncertain demand. Genetic algorithm is adopted to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model. Results show that the schedule constraints of railway and waterway generate waiting time and then waiting cost; robust optimization with uncertain demand not only increases the economic cost by 19%, but also prefer low-carbon transportation in the mode selection; By balancing the relationship between the maximal regret value and the economic cost, multi-modal transportation operators can easily handle demand fluctuations in the freight market while also responding to low-carbon requirements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Scheduling Problem of Hybrid Flow Shops Considering Resource Constraints and Single Batch Coupling TANG Hongtao, LIU Zihao, GUAN Sijia 2023, 26 (4):  114-123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.014 Abstract ( 689 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1127KB) ( 1018 )   Save Hybrid flow shops are widespread in many industrial manufacturing areas. The scheduling problem in hybrid flow shops with multiple constraints has been widely studied in recent years, but there is little study of the scheduling in hybrid flow shops that considers both resource constraints and single batch coupling. To this end, an improved discrete shuffled frog-leaping algorithm is proposed to solve the problem with the objective of minimizing the makespan and machine energy consumption. First, the encoding and decoding methods and an improved NEH initialization method are designed for the problem of single batch coupling and resource. Then, an improved memeplex search strategy is designed by introducing an external solution set. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted through the generated extended examples and the actual calculation examples of enterprises. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in solving such problems compared with the existing algorithms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Design and Analysis of Lot-splitting Scheduling Algorithm for Multi-level Assembly Job Shops ZHONG Hongyang, LIU Jianjun, LI Yingjie, CHEN Qingxin 2023, 26 (4):  124-134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.015 Abstract ( 827 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (784KB) ( 1099 )   Save The scheduling in a multi-level assembly job shop is a two-stage scheduling problem involving both processing and assembly. The assembly products have different tree-type structures and the assembly operation at each level requires the completion of directed components. Lot-splitting scheduling can improve the production liquidity in a job shop. Thus, it is usually applied in fields such as job shop scheduling. The employment of lot splitting in an assembly job shop requires the coordination of related components and the progress of their sublots. To this end, this paper establishes a lot-splitting scheduling model with the optimization objective being the minimization of the delay cost and the inventory cost in a multi-level assembly job shop. With the consideration of efficiency, this paper establishes a hybrid solution algorithm based on genetic algorithm and priority dispatching rules to solve the two subproblems of lot splitting and lot scheduling. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed lot-splitting scheduling algorithm, and the adaptability of the hybrid algorithm to differentiated product structures is evaluated under eight priority dispatching rules and three types of lot-splitting strategies. Experiment results show that the equal size sublot strategy can effectively improve the scheduling performance of the hybrid algorithm under given conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Joint Optimization of Storage Location Selection and Picking Path with Movable Shelves LAI Pinyan, ZHANG Dali, ZHAO Sixiang 2023, 26 (4):  135-143.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.016 Abstract ( 741 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (921KB) ( 1029 )   Save With the rise of online modes such as live e-commerce, order heterogeneity increases and commodity demand changes faster than ever. In the face of frequently changing orders, many e-commerce warehouses are implemented with more flexible storage modes by using movable shelves to quickly adjust the storage layout of the warehouse, so as to improve picking operations. This paper investigates the order picking path with a decentralized storage strategy and movable shelves. A bi-level optimization model is proposed including a joint optimization model of storage location selection and picking path and a shelf movement optimization model. A bi-level meta-heuristic algorithm is designed. Finally, numerical experiments of different scales are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Flexible Scheduling of Decommissioned Product Disassembly under Uncertain Conditions MA Xinyi, KUANG Zengyu, ZHUO Xiaojun, REN Yinghui 2023, 26 (4):  144-153.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.017 Abstract ( 674 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1006KB) ( 965 )   Save Due to the uncertain differences in the source, types, structures and performance residuals of the recycled decommissioned products, the stationary of disassembly reverse production scheduling before their echelon utilization or resource reuse is affected by uncertainties such as incoming materials, disassembly sequences and disassembly modes. This paper takes disassembly production lines of decommissioned products with flexible fixture workstations as the study object. Considering the disturbance factors caused by uncertain incoming materials, disassembly sequences and disassembly modes, an AND/OR node network scheduling strategy is constructed with the objective of minimizing completion time, and the corresponding mixed integer programming scheduling model is established. The improved simulated annealing parthenogenetic algorithm is adopted to solve it. Results show that compared with traditional manual experience scheduling, the dynamic scheduling strategy and model proposed in this paper can reduce the fluctuation caused by uncertain disturbance factors during production scheduling. Also, the proposed mehtod can effectively balance and improve the utilization of flexible disassembly lines′ equipment and improve the efficiency of decommissioned product disassembly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fault Diagnosis of ZPW-2000R Track Circuits Based on OC-SVM and DNN XIE Benkai, CAI Shuiyong, HUANG Chunlei, YU Jianli, CHEN Guangzhi, WANG Guobao 2023, 26 (4):  154-163.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2023.04.018 Abstract ( 618 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (869KB) ( 1072 )   Save To address the problems of low accuracy for fault diagnosis for track circuits and difficulty in collecting high-quality fault data, a fault diagnosis method based on the combination of one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) and deep neural network (DNN) is proposed. This method uses OC-SVM model to perform single-class recognition of data. The positive sample data are input into DNN model for training and prediction to label and collect the negative sample data. A large number of experiments are conducted using ZPW-2000R track circuit signal data. Results show that the OC-SVM model can accurately identify the positive and negative sample data, and DNN model can accurately and efficiently diagnose 15 types of data with an accuracy rate of 99%. Compared with the three fault diagnosis methods of particle swarm algorithm optimized support vector machine, convolutional neural network and stacked self-encoder, this combined method has a higher accuracy and more stable diagnosis effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics