Abstract: Based on the relevant theory of evolutionary game, considering the fairness concern behavior of retailers in the process of green supply chain operation, an evolutionary game model of suppliers, retailers and the government is constructed and a stability analysis is conducted, and combining with numerical simulation, the effects of changes in government intervention costs, subsidies and penalties, supplier green costs, and retailer fairness of concern coefficients on the evolution of the strategic behavior of supply chain members are dynamically studied. It is expected to provide a reference for achieving a balance of interests among the three parties. The results show that the supplier's green cost and the retailer's fairness concern coefficient are positively related to the impact on the green supply chain. The government's regulatory cost is negatively related to the impact on the green supply chain. The effects of government subsidies are different from the penalties in different stages on the green supply chain.