Abstract: Garbage classification and transportation is an important link in the effective implementation of garbage classification policies. The existing classified transportation methods mainly focus on dedicated vehicles with single cabins, which easily leads to the waste of vehicle resources and congestion in garbage collection areas. To this end, this paper introduces multi-cabin vehicles that can transport various kinds of garbage independently at the same time. Based on the actual situation of garbage collection and transportation in China, we analyze the setting of cabins as well as the mode of collection and transportation, etc. On this basis, a fully flexible multi-cabin vehicle routing problem (full flexible-MCVRP) and its optimization model are proposed, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve it. An actual example shows that compared with the existing scheme of dedicated vehicles classification scheduling, the multi-cabin vehicle scheduling scheme proposed in this paper has a shorter total travel route and higher efficiency of collection and transportation. Furthermore, focusing on several typical urban living areas, the influence of garbage classification ratio on the allocation scheme of vehicle cabins is studied, which provides guidance for designing multi-cabin vehicles.