Abstract: To address the potential issue of lessees abusing equipment during cooperative production in leased manufacturing systems, a production decision-making model and an incentive mechanism of revenue adjustment are proposed considering equipment protection to develop the optimal production strategy. From the perspective of equipment protection, an optimization model is developed considering the usage rate and protection degree of the leased equipment by lessees with the objective of maximizing the total revenue of the leased manufacturing system. The model determines the optimal production strategy by defining the effort degree of equipment protection, the equipment usage rate and the state deviation between a new equipment and the equipment after maintenance. Then, an incentive mechanism about revenue adjustment is proposed using compensation to adjust the revenue of both parties. The mechanism ensures that the optimal strategy for independent decision of each party align with the systematic optimal strategy. In this way, the best compensation coefficient is determined and the revenue adjustment plan is developed. Case study shows that the system decision-making model identifies the optimal effort degree and preventive maintenance degree that maximize the total revenue. Additionally, the maximum total revenue obtained by the system decision model is always higher than that with independent decisions. Moreover, increasing lessee efforts in equipment protection and lessor preventive maintenance can reduce the average number of failures of leased equipment.