考虑工人疲劳的电商订单分批拣货与排序优化

    Optimization of E-commerce Order Batching and Sequencing Considering Worker Fatigue

    • 摘要: 随着各大电商购物平台在订单履行时效性方面的竞争日益加剧,如何提高拣货效率已经成为电商仓库亟待解决的关键问题。以往研究认为分批有利于提高拣货效率,但没有考虑工人工作效率会因疲劳而下降的因素,导致订单分批与排序优化结果难以付诸实践。本文考虑人员的能量消耗,将工人的休息批次和订单分批与排序决策联合优化,以最小化订单总完成时间为目标,建立混合整数规划模型。设计两阶段法和基于控制思想的种子算法,并对算法有效性进行对比和验证。研究结果表明,基于控制思想的种子算法要优于两阶段法。当考虑工人疲劳因素安排工人进行休息时,既能增加员工满意度,又可以减少订单总完成时间。敏感度分析揭示了当拣选员与合并员的工作强度差距增大或缓冲区容量不确定时,基于控制思想的种子算法优化效果更好且具有稳定性。

       

      Abstract: As competition in terms of order fulfillment timeliness among major e-commerce shopping platforms intensifies, improving order picking efficiency has become a key problem for e-commerce warehouses. Previous studies suggest that order batching strategies can enhance picking efficiency but overlook the fact that worker efficiency tends to decline with fatigue, leading to challenges in implementing the optimization results of batching and sequencing. A mixed integer programming model is developed to minimize the total order completion time. This model considers worker energy consumption while jointly optimizing worker rest batching, order batching and sequencing decisions. A two-stage algorithm and a control-based seed algorithm are developed, while their performance is compared and verified. Results show that the control-based seed algorithm is superior to the two-stage algorithm; the rest arrangement with consideration of worker fatigue can not only enhance employee satisfaction but also decrease the total order completion time. Sensitivity analysis reveals that when the work intensity difference between pickers and sorters increases or the buffer capacity becomes uncertain, the control-based seed algorithm exhibits superior effectiveness and stability.

       

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