Abstract: The issue of operation and maintenance (O&M) management of electric vehicles (EVs) is of critical importance to the sustainable and healthy development of the EV industry. However, a systematic literature review that focuses on this topic is still lacking in academia. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze 107 relevant academic papers, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state in this field from key perspectives such as policy background, supply chain management, and modeling and solution approaches. Through a systematic review, this study identifies four major research hotspots: EV sales modes, optimization of charging and swapping infrastructure as well as operational efficiency, battery maintenance demand forecasting and warranty service management, and battery recycling, remanufacturing, and cascading utilization. It further summarizes existing research findings and limitations in terms of content, fundamental models, and key conclusions. On this basis, the study focuses on two specific topics: the O&M management of battery swapping stations under the “vehicle-battery separation” mode and two-dimensional warranty services for EVs. Finally, future research directions and suggestions are proposed from three perspectives: the “vehicle-battery separation” mode, warranty service management, and integrated government policies. These findings aim to provide new insights and theoretical support for further exploration of EV O&M management.