产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评估研究

    Research on the Evaluation of the Impact of Product Design Change on Production Plans

    • 摘要: 针对产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评估体系与方法缺失问题,研究以航空零部件制造企业L公司为案例,构建时间、成本、质量三维度评估指标体系,提出基于“可拓层次分析法−改进CRITIC法−熵权法”的组合赋权方法。通过分析设计变更对生产计划中产值、品种、质量及进度的影响,筛选出8项核心指标,而后结合专家经验与数据特征,采用线性加权法平衡主客观权重,避免单一赋权偏差。实例分析表明,客户AE008的设计变更对生产计划影响的整体水平并不高,9类产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评分介于0.028和0.839之间,平均值为0.256,从分数高于平均值的3类产品的数据可以发现,影响评分的指标主要为时间性指标和成本性指标,特别是设计变更订单交期变化率和设计变更的生产成本。研究解决了现有生产计划评估中赋权方法片面性的问题,并通过实际数据量化了设计变更对生产计划的具体冲击,为制造企业评估设计变更提供了理论依据与可行途径。

       

      Abstract: In response to the lack of evaluation system and methods for the impact of product design change on production plans, the study takes Company L, an aviation parts manufacturing enterprise, as a case study to construct a three-dimensional evaluation index system for time, cost, and quality. A combined weighting method based on ‘extensible analytic hierarchy process - improved CRITIC method - entropy weight method’ is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the impact of design change on output value, variety, quality, and schedule in the production plans, 8 key indicators are selected. Then, based on expert experience and data characteristics, a linear weighting method is used to balance subjective and objective weights and avoid single weighting bias. The case analysis shows that the overall level of the impact of customer AE008's design change on production plans is not high. The scores of the impact of 9 product design change on production plans range from 0.028 to 0.839, with an average of 0.256. From the data of the 3 product categories with scores higher than the average, it can be found that the main indicators affecting the scores are time and cost indicators, especially the change rate of design change order delivery time and the production cost of design change. The study has solved the problem of one sidedness in the existing weighting methods for evaluation of production plans, and quantified the specific impact of design change on production plans through actual data, providing a theoretical basis and feasible approach for manufacturing enterprises to evaluate design change.

       

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