离网风光氢–电解液氨耦合供能系统容量配置优化

    Capacity Configuration Optimization of Off-grid Wind-Solar-Hydrogen-Electrolyte Ammonia Coupled Energy Supply System

    • 摘要: 目前,离网型风光氢多能互补系统中的电解槽多采用电解水制氢,仅适用于零摄氏度以上温度环境。针对低温环境下离网型风光氢耦合系统的供能需求,本文提出并构建了基于液氨电解槽的离网风光氢–电解液氨耦合供能系统容量优化配置方法。为确保离网微电网稳定运行并最大化利用可再生能源,建立了考虑储氢容量和配备蓄电池的风光氢发电模型,以负荷缺电率最小化、可再生能源渗透率最大化和系统成本最小化为多目标。在风光发电充足时,通过功率分配比提高能量利用率并促进多能互补,以各运行设备容量为约束条件,利用遗传算法求解最优容量配置,并采用熵权法确定各指标权重。为验证系统的实用性,结合北方某地区的实际天气和负载数据求解最优配置,并分析在50 L液氨原料下的运行时长。结果表明,最优系统配置为42.7 W电解槽、7.3 W燃料电池、1 L储氢罐和33.3 W蓄电池,对应最小系统成本为3343.6元(权重系数0.673),负荷缺电率为0(权重系数0),可再生能源渗透率为51.2%(权重系数0.327),最长运行时间为2060.6 d。

       

      Abstract: At present, electrolyzers in off-grid wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy complementary systems predominantly utilize water electrolysis for hydrogen production, which is only suitable for above-zero temperature environments. Liquid ammonia is not easily condensed at low temperatures, hence this paper replaces the electrolyzer with an electrolytic liquid ammonia hydrogen production device. To ensure stable operation of the off-grid microgrid and maximize the utilization of renewable energy, a wind-solar-hydrogen power generation model considering hydrogen storage capacity and equipped with batteries is established. The multi-objective function aims to minimize the load power deficiency rate, maximize the renewable energy penetration rate, and minimize system costs. When wind and solar power generation are abundant, the power allocation ratio is used to improve energy utilization and promote multi-energy complementarity. With the capacity of each operating device as a constraint, the genetic algorithm is employed to solve for the optimal capacity configuration, and the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each indicator. To verify the practicality of the system, the optimal configuration is solved based on actual weather and load data from a northern region, and the operation duration with 50 L of liquid ammonia raw material is analyzed. The results indicate that the optimal system configuration consists of a 42.7W electrolyzer, a 7.3W fuel cell, a 1L hydrogen storage tank, and a 33.3W battery, corresponding to a minimum system cost of 3343.6 yuan (weight coefficient 0.673), a load power deficiency rate of 0 (weight coefficient 0), a renewable energy penetration rate of 51.2% (weight coefficient 0.327), and a maximum operation time of 2060.6 days.

       

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