面向接包方的众包平台定价机制

    Pricing Mechanisms of Task-Taker-Oriented Crowdsourcing Platforms

    • 摘要: 随着众包市场快速发展,平台定价机制已成为影响众包平台活跃度与盈利能力的关键因素。本文聚焦于众包平台对接包方的准入付费机制,构建按次定价、会员定价与混合定价3种模型,并分析匹配效率、任务赏金、佣金比例与预付风险系数对平台定价、接包方努力水平及平台利润的影响。研究表明,平台定价随匹配效率、任务赏金提升而上升,随佣金比例提高而下降;在会员定价与混合定价模型中,平台定价随预付风险系数上升而下降,在供给约束下的平台定价对佣金比例与预付风险的变化比需求约束更敏感。接包方努力水平随匹配效率、任务赏金提升而增加;按次定价模型中其随佣金比例单调上升,会员定价与混合定价模型中则先增后减;会员定价模型中其随预付风险系数单调增加,混合定价模型中则先增后减。模型对比显示,混合定价模型中平台利润最高;在佣金比例低、预付风险系数高时,按次定价模型优于会员定价模型,反之则会员定价模型更优。供给侧激励方面,在佣金比例低、预付风险系数高时,会员定价与混合定价模型的接包方努力水平高于按次定价模型,反之则按次定价模型更高,同时,会员定价模型中的接包方努力水平高于混合定价模型。因此,众包平台需结合市场环境动态调整定价,实现收益增长与参与激励的平衡。

       

      Abstract: With the rapid development of the crowdsourcing market, the platform pricing mechanism has become key to its activity and profitability. This paper focuses on crowdsourcing platforms’ access payment mechanism for contractors, constructing three models: pay-per-use, membership and hybrid pricing, and analyzing the impact of matching efficiency, task reward, commission ratio and prepayment risk coefficient on optimal pricing, contractors’ optimal effort level and platform optimal profit. The research shows that optimal pricing increases with higher matching efficiency and task reward but decreases with a higher commission ratio. In membership and hybrid pricing models, optimal pricing declines with higher prepayment risk coefficient, and is more sensitive to changes in commission ratio and prepayment risk under supply constraints than demand constraints. The contractor’s optimal effort increases with matching efficiency and task reward; it increases with the commission rate under pay-per-use pricing, but first rises and then falls under membership and hybrid pricing; it increases with prepayment risk under membership pricing, but first rises and then falls under hybrid pricing. Model comparison indicates the hybrid model yields the highest profit; the pay-per-use model outperforms the membership model when commission ratio is low and prepayment risk is high, and vice versa. For supply-side incentives, the same condition makes membership and hybrid models’ effort level higher than pay-per-use, and vice versa, with the membership model always outperforming the hybrid one. Thus, crowdsourcing platforms should dynamically adjust pricing to balance revenue growth and participation incentives.

       

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