Abstract: The key factors that affect coal mine water disaster response are identified by using the principles and methods of rough sets. To optimize the response system, the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to assess the emergency response capability of the non-optimized and the optimized coal mine water disaster response system. The results show that emergency response capability of the optimized coal mine water disaster response system has been significantly improved and the threat posed by water disasters on coal mine safe production is effectively reduced.