Operation Modes and After-sales Service Management for Electric Vehicles: Overview and Outlook

The issue of operations and maintenance (O&M) management of electric vehicles (EVs) is of critical importance to the sustainable and healthy development of the EV industry. However, there is currently a lack of systematic review studies in academia that focus on this topic. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze 107 relevant academic papers, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field from key perspectives such as policy background, supply chain management, and modeling and problem-solving approaches. Through a systematic review of the literature, this study identifies four major research hotspots: EV sales models, optimization of charging and swapping infrastructure and operational efficiency, battery maintenance demand forecasting and warranty service management, and battery recycling, remanufacturing, and cascading utilization. The study summarizes existing research in terms of content, fundamental models, and key findings, while also identifying gaps. Building on this foundation, the study focuses on two specific topics: the operations and maintenance management of battery swapping stations under the "vehicle-battery separation" model and two-dimensional warranty services for EVs. Finally, the study proposes future research directions and suggestions from three perspectives: the "vehicle-battery separation" model, warranty service management, and overlapping government policies. These findings aim to provide new perspectives and theoretical support for further exploration of EV operations and maintenance management issues.