基于安全库存策略的提高订单及时率方法研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电脑供应链中的各种不确定因素使得非核心零部件中间商经常需要依靠大量备货或加急生产来满足客户需求。而当非核心零部件中间商不愿为此备货时，交货延迟的发生比例不可避免地会较高。针对此问题，本文提出了一种基于安全库存策略的提高订单及时率减少交货延迟的方法。此方法首先对电脑生产商的需求量进行估计，在综合考虑影响订单及时率的各类确定性和随机性因素的条件下，推导得到最优安全库存因子；然后，根据电脑生产商需求估计量与安全库存因子，计算出安全库存，如果电脑生产商需求量小于安全库存量，则使用安全库存直接交货，否则，向供应商追加订货后一并交货；最后，给出了该方法的年平均库存衡量公式。实证计算结果表明，与传统的面向订单生产方法(MTO)相比，本文方法可以使电脑零部件中间商的库存周转速度加快5~6倍，单位库存持有成本降至原来的14%，订单交货准时率提升至80%左右。

关键词: 安全库存, 库存持有成本, 中间商, 准时交货率

Abstract: To meet the requirements of clients, dealers producing non-core parts of computers frequently depend on vast inventories or overtime production, which has presented a problem from potential uncertainties in the supply chains of computer production. Furthermore, the on-time delivery rate (ODR) inevitably ascends when the dealers for non-core parts are out of stock. To decrease uncertainties of the supply chain for computers parts production, an innovative method is proposed to improve on-time delivery rate, based on the safety stock (SS) strategy. Firstly, with the consideration of imaginable certainties and uncertainties, the demand of new computers is calculated for the optimal safety stock factor by means of mathematical deduction. Then, the quantity of safety stock is available with the safety stock factor and the demand for computers. If the demand for computers is lower than the quantity of safety stock, the demand can be immediately met, or additional parts of computers should be produced by the suppliers before the delivery. Eventually, an annual average stock formula is demonstrated considering the uncertainty in demand estimation. In an empirical analysis, comparing with MTO (make-to-order) method, the new method can increase stock turnover velocity five or six times higher than in the past. Additionally, the unit inventory carrying cost will reduce by 14% and the on-time delivery rate increase by approximately 80%.

Key words: safety stock, inventory carrying cost, middleman, on-time delivery rate

姜爱萍, 高峻峻. 基于安全库存策略的提高订单及时率方法研究[J]. 工业工程, 2014, 17(1): 80-86.

Jiang Ai-ping, Gao Jun-jun. A Study of the Method to Improve On-Time Delivery Rate Based on Safety Stock Strategy[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal , 2014, 17(1): 80-86.

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