服务型制造和台积电制造服务模式

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对高科技产业，提出晶圆代工的服务型制造模式，并以其领导厂商台积电为个案研究，分析该公司成为服务型制造的关键成功因素, 包括兼具深度与广度的制造技术、开放式的设计服务、虚拟晶圆厂、以服务为导向的公司文化, 以及大规模定制的制造弹性等。进一步提出晶圆代工发展成为服务型制造的模式及其服务价值链, 并比较不同晶圆代工厂商的服务型制造发展, 以产能利用率及平均晶圆售价来检试其整体服务价值的差异，以检验研究效度。最后，藉由比较不同产业的服务型制造，提出服务型制造的4种形态及其价值曲线的差异，并建议厂商以虚拟集成方式达成服务型制造的策略。

关键词: 服务型制造, 台积电模式, 晶圆代工制造, 制造服务, 虚拟晶圆厂

Abstract: The characteristics of service-embedded manufacturing in high-tech industry is explored and the key success factors of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), such as wide and deep manufacturing technology, open design service, virtual Fab, service-oriented culture, and mass customization, are investigated. A service-embedded manufacturing framework, including the service value chain of wafer foundry, is proposed. For validation, the developing path of different wafer foundry companies is compared, and different service value is measured by the index of capacity utilization and average selling price. Finally, after comparing different role models of service-embedded manufacturing in different industries, four types of paradigm are proposed. In conclusion, adoption of virtual integration, instead of vertical integration for both brand and foundry companies, is suggested. 

Key words: service-embedded manufacturing, TSMC Way, wafer foundry, manufacturing service, virtual fab

简祯富, 郭仁村. 服务型制造和台积电制造服务模式[J]. 工业工程, 2013, 16(2): 1-10.

Chien Chen-fu, Kuo Ren-tsun. Service-Embedded Manufacturing and TSMC Way for Wafer Foundry Service[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal , 2013, 16(2): 1-10.

参考文献

［1］Shih W, Shih C, Chien C F,et al. System on a chip 2008: Global unichip corp［R］. Boston: Harvard Business School, Case 9-608-159,2008.  ［2］Chien C F, Hsu C, Chang K. Overall wafer effectiveness (OWE): a novel industry standard for semiconductor ecosystem as a whole［J］.Computers and Industrial Engineering,2011(11):24.  ［3］Shih W, Chien C F, Shih C,et al. The TSMC way: meeting customer needs at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co［R］.Boston:Harvard Business School, Case 9-610-003, 2009. ［4］简祯富，郭仁村.工业工程在台湾产业界的典范移转［J］.工业工程,2011,14(4): 1-10. Chien Chenfu, Kuo Rentsum. Industrial engineering is shifting paradigm in Taiwan’s industry ［J］.Industrial Engineering Journal,2011,14(4): 1-10. ［5］Birley S, Westhead P. New producer business: are they any difference from new manufacturing ventures［J］.The Service Industries Journal,1994,14(4):455-+481. ［6］Juleff-Tranter L E. Advanced producer service: just a service to manufacturing［J］. The Service Industries Journal,1996,16(3):389-400. ［7］但斌,刘利华.面向制造企业的生产性服务及其营运模式研究［J］.软科学,2007,21(3):34-36. Dan Bin, Liu Lihua, Research on producing service and operation mode for manufacturing enterprise［J］. Soft Science,2007,12(3):34-36. ［8］Druker P F. The emerging theory of manufacturing［J］.Harvard Business Review,1990(May-Jun): 94-102. ［9］Panchak P. The feature of manufacturing: an interview with Peter Druker［J］.Industry Week,1998,247(17): 9-20. ［10］Quinn J B. Intelligent enterprise: a knowledge and service based paradigm for industry［M］.New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002. ［11］Marceau J, Martinez C. Selling solutions: productservice packages as links between new and old economics［C］. Copenhagen: Proceedings of DRUD summer conference on Industrial Dynamic of the New and Old Economic, 2002: 6-8. ［12］Berger S, Lester R. Made by Hong-Kong ［M］. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. ［13］Chase R B, Kumar K R, Youndahhl W E. Service-based manufacturing: the service factory ［J］.Production and Operation Management,1992,1(2):175-184. ［14］Fry T D, Steele D C, Saladin B A. A service-oriented manufacturing strategy ［J］.International Journal of Operations & Production Management,1994,14(10):17-29. ［15］Zhai E, Shi Y, Gregory M. The growth and capability development of electronics manufacturing service (EMS) companies ［J］.International Journal of Production Economics, 2007,107(1):1-19. ［16］孙林岩, 李刚, 江志斌, 等. 21世纪的先进制造模式——服务型制造［J］.中国机械工程, 2007, 18(19): 2307-2312.Sun Lin-yan, Li Gang, Jiang Zhi-bin, et al. Service-embedded manufacturing: advanced manufacturing paradigm in 21st century ［J］.Chinese Mechanical Engineering, 2007,18(19): 2307-2312. ［17］汪应洛. 推进服务型制造: 优化产业结构调整［R］.中国工程院工程科技论坛, 2009.  ［18］Chang M. Foundry future: challenges in the 21stcentury ［C］.San Francisco:Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International solidstate circuits conference,2007: 18-23.  ［19］ITRS. International technology roadmap for semiconductors 2005 Edition［R］.Washington: Semiconductor Industry Association, 2005. ［20］简祯富.半导体产业结构演进与价值链创新［J］.清华管理评论, 2011,1(3): 86-91.  Chien Chen-fu. Structure evolution and value chain innovation in semiconductor industry［J］. Tsinghua Business Review,2011,1(3):86-91. ［21］Losleben P. Status report on a major research thrust in the center for integrated systems ［R］.California: Stanford University, 1992. ［22］Su Y H, Guo R S, Chang S C. Virtual fab: an enabling framework and dynamic manufacturing service provision mechanism［J］. Information and Management, 2005, 42(2): 329-348. ［23］Chien C F, Chen Y, Peng J. Manufacturing intelligence for semiconductor demand forecast based on technology diffusion and product life cycle［J］.International Journal of Production Economics,2010,128(2): 496-509.［24］TSMC, TSMCthe IC Foundry industry leader ［R/OL］. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, ［200910-21］. http:∥www.tsmc.com. ［25］Chien C F, Kuo R T. Beyond make-or-buy: cross-company short-term capacity backup in semiconductor industry ecosystem［J］.Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 2011:1-33. ［26］Chien C F, Chen H, Wu J,et al. Construct the OGE for promoting tool group productivity in semiconductor manufacturing ［J］. International Journal of Production Research, 2007, 45(3): 509-524. ［27］施振荣.再造宏碁［M］, 台北: 天下文化, 1996.

[1]	梁培培1,2,宋志婷1,孙延明1. 服务型制造企业复杂信息系统的演化机理研究[J]. 工业工程, 2016, 19(4): 55-62.
[2]	罗建强，汤娜，赵艳萍. 基于累积前景理论的服务衍生方案决策[J]. 工业工程, 2016, 19(2): 80-87.
[3]	罗建强，朱腾飞，赵艳萍. 客户参与下的服务型制造系统模型[J]. 工业工程, 2014, 17(2): 125-131.
[4]	吴智华1，罗建强1，赵艳萍1，秦军昌2. 增加服务模块对实施延迟策略生产系统的影响[J]. 工业工程, 2013, 16(5): 68-73.