基于均衡优化的项目多技能人力资源指派与调度方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高项目人力资源使用效率，提出一种项目多技能人力资源调度与指派优化方法。首先，采用启发式方法对项目进行资源均衡优化，降低人力资源需求高峰用量；然后，识别调度方案中活动间的重叠关系并将其转化为人员指派优化问题的有效约束；最后，建立整数规划模型并通过编程计算。研究结果表明，使用该方法可快速地找到问题的近优解，用较少的人力资源完成项目任务，从而有效地降低项目人力资源成本。

关键词: 人力资源, 均衡优化, 多技能, 项目调度, 指派

Abstract:

To improve the efficiency of human resources used in the project, an optimization method of assigning multiskilled human resources and scheduling projects is put forward. First of all, with a heuristic algorithm presented to level the human resources, a scheduling scheme with low peak in human resource requirement can be obtained. Then, based on the determined scheme, the overlapping relationships between activities are identified and converted to a series of effective constraints to assigning multiskilled human resources. Finally, an integer programming model is established and calculated by programming. The research results show that the method can be used to quickly find a near optimal solution of the problem, using less human resource to complete the tasks, and reduce the cost of human resources effectively.

Key words: human resources, resource leveling, multiskill, project scheduling, assignment

李明1,2, 徐哲2. 基于均衡优化的项目多技能人力资源指派与调度方法[J]. 工业工程.

LI Ming1,2，XU Zhe2. Methods of Assigning Multiskilled Human Resources and Scheduling Projects Based on Resource Leveling[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal .

参考文献

［1］GOMAR J E, HAAS C T, MORTON A D P. Assignment and allocation optimization of partially multiskilled workforce［J］. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2002, 128(2): 103-109.
［2］ACUA S T, JURISTO N, MORENO A M. Emphasizing human capabilities in software development［J］. Software, 2006, 23(2): 94-101.
［3］寿涌毅. 资源受限多项目调度的模型与方法［M］. 杭州: 浙江大学出版社, 2010.
［4］BRUCKER P, DREXL A, MOHRING R, et al. Resourceconstrained project scheduling: Notation, classification, models, and methods［J］. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, 112(1): 3-41.
［5］DENISE S Y, VIN-CIUS A A, MANUEL L. Robust optimization models for project scheduling with resource availability cost［J］. Journal of Scheduling, 2007, 10(1): 67-76.
［6］HARRIS R B. Packing method for resource leveling［J］. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1990, 116(2): 331-350.
［7］WIESEMANN W, KUHN D, RUSTEM B. Maximizing the net present value of a project under uncertainty［J］. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 202(2): 356-367.
［8］BELLENGUEZ M O, NRON E. A branch-andbound method for solving multi-skill project scheduling problem［J］. RAIRO Operation Research, 2007, 41(2): 155-170.
［9］HEIMERL C, KOLISCH R. Scheduling and staffing multiple projects with a multi-skilled workforce［J］. OR Spectrum, 2010, 32(2): 343-368.
［10］ALFARES H K, BAILEY J E. Integrated project task and manpower scheduling［J］. IIE Transactions, 1997, 29(9): 711-717.
［11］WU M, SUN S. A project scheduling and staff assignment model considering learning effect［J］. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2005, 28(11/12): 1190-1195.
［12］ATTIA E, DUQUENNE P, LELANN J. Considering skills evolutions in multiskilled workforce allocation with flexible working hours［J］. International Journal of Production Research, 2014, 52(15): 4548-4573.
［13］CORREIA I, SALDANHADAGAMA F. The impact of fixed and variable costs in a multiskill project scheduling problem: An empirical study［J］. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2014, 72: 230-238.
［14］卢鹏宇，孙文俊，井瑞. 基于时间片段的多IT项目人力资源调度问题求解［J］. 系统工程理论与实践, 2012, 32(4): 731-737.
LU Pengyu, SUN WenJun, JING Rui. Time slice based solution for human resource scheduling problem of multiple IT projects［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2012, 32(4): 731-737.
［15］LI H, WOMER K. Scheduling projects with multi-skilled personnel by a hybrid MILP/CP benders decomposition algorithm［J］. Journal of Scheduling, 2009, 12(3): 281-298.
［16］BELLENGUEZ M O. Methods to solve multi-skill project scheduling problem［J］. Journal of Operations Research, 2008, 6(1): 85-88.
［17］HARRIS R B. Precedence and arrow networking techniques for construction［M］. New York: Wiley, 1978.
［18］SALEM Hiyassat M A. Modification of minimum moment approach in resource leveling［J］. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2000, 126(4): 278-284.
［19］HEGAZY T. Optimization of resource allocation and leveling using genetic algorithms［J］. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1999, 125(3): 167-175.
［20］HIYASSAT M A S. Applying modified minimum moment method to multiple resource leveling［J］. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2001, 127(3): 192-198.
［21］RANGEN. http://www.projectmanagement.ugent.be/?q=research/RanGen.［OL］.
［22］ILOG. IBM ILOG OPL V6.3 IBM ILOG OPL Language Reference Manual［M］. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation, 1987, 2011.

（上接第107页）

［18］陈栩茜,张积家. 注意资源理论及其进展［J］. 心理学探新,2003,23(88):24-28.
CHEN Xiqian, ZHANG Jijia. Attention resource theory and progress［J］.Exploration of Psychology,2003,23(88):24-28.
［19］KOK A. On the utility of P3 amplitude as a measure of processing capacity［J］. Psychophysiology,2001,38(3): 557-577.
［20］POLICH J. Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical neurophysiology, 2007,118(10): 2128-2148.
［21］CHAO L L, NIELSENBOHLMAN L, KNIGHT R T. Auditory eventrelated potentials dissociate early and late memory processes［J］. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section ,1995,96(2): 157-168.
［22］BRODMANN K. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellebaues［M］. Leipzig: J.A. Barth; 1909.
［23］罗跃嘉. 认知神经科学教程［M］. 北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
［24］羊惠君. 实地解剖学（第2版）［M］.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2011.

[1]	杜宏飞, 王小明, 陈庆新, 毛宁. 考虑公有与私有资源约束的多项目调度规则对比研究[J]. 工业工程, 2021, 24(5): 141-151.
[2]	王莹莹, 吴立云. 基于改进NSGA-II的多项目多技能人力资源调度研究[J]. 工业工程, 2021, 24(3): 130-138.
[3]	伊雅丽. 研发型企业多项目人力资源调度研究——基于蚁群优化的超启发式算法[J]. 工业工程, 2018, 21(4): 104-109.
[4]	刘冬宁, 袁云钇, 黄宝莹, 刘统武. 基于E-CARGO模型的志愿型偏好平衡性指派[J]. 工业工程, 2018, 21(2): 68-74.
[5]	杨斌彬, 叶春明. 现场维修服务的多服务中心的多技能工调度研究[J]. 工业工程, 2017, 20(5): 58-65.
[6]	何立华，马芳丽. 基于混沌差分进化粒子群算法的模糊资源受限项目调度问题[J]. 工业工程, 2016, 19(5): 39-44.
[7]	廖婷婷，徐哲，李明. 软件开发项目多技能人力资源均衡调度模型[J]. 工业工程, 2015, 18(3): 69-74.
[8]	程硕，张毕西，曹铭，胡盛强. 基于“虚拟工序库”作业系统的工人指派模型及算法[J]. 工业工程, 2015, 18(2): 9-14.
[9]	张连营1, 李彦伟1,2, 孙若昕1. 基于优先规则的模糊资源受限多项目调度[J]. 工业工程, 2014, 17(3): 13-17.
[10]	于秀丽1，2，张毕西1，李逸帆3，李弘3. 考虑员工学习效应的MOS指派优化研究[J]. 工业工程, 2014, 17(1): 144-150.
[11]	郭云涛，宋红艳，白思俊. 粒子群算法在具有迭代关系资源受限项目调度中的应用[J]. 工业工程, 2013, 16(5): 74-78.
[12]	梁祖红，陈庆新，毛宁. 考虑合同期的多类人员协同工作人力资源计划[J]. 工业工程, 2012, 15(4): 78-82.
[13]	谢阳，叶春明，陈君兰，周蓉. 基于混沌粒子群的资源受限项目调度问题[J]. 工业工程, 2012, 15(3): 57-61.
[14]	屈国强1，2，李俊芳1，侯东亮1，3. 蚁群系统结合指派规则求解HFS调度问题[J]. 工业工程, 2012, 15(3): 62-68.