Abstract: In order to realize the complementary operation of "wind, photovoltaic and energy storage" sources in microgrid systems, and simultaneously to inspire the three types of energy prosumers to actively participate in power trading, this paper establishes a Stackelberg game model between the microgrid scheduling center and the three types of prosumers. In the model, as the leader, the microgrid scheduling center determines the purchase and sale prices for each time period, As followers, the prosumers send their respective electricity demand to the scheduling center according to these prices. Then, the scheduling center adjusts the purchase and sale prices based on the received electricity demand, ultimately achieving a game equilibrium. This paper extends the power trading models in the existing literature primarily focused on unilateral decision-making in microgrids, and proves the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution of the Stackelberg game model in the situation that each game participate makes independent rational decision. This paper also develops an equilibrium solution algorithm based on differential evolution, and verifies the effectiveness of the model and algorithm through numerical experiments. The results of this paper provide a scientific basis for setting the purchase and sale prices of electricity by microgrid scheduling centers, which promotes the efficient utilization of distributed renewable energy.

Key words: microgrid, prosumers, demand response, Stackelberg game