基于消费者异质性需求的闭环供应链再制造授权模式研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2021.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在消费者异质性需求的市场中，为了探讨最佳的再制造授权模式，基于原始设备制造商(original equipment manufacturer, OEM)与第三方再制造商((third party remanufacturer, TPR)同时进行再制造的闭环供应链(closed loop supply chain, CLSC)，采用博弈论分别讨论TPR独立再制造和OEM专利授权再制造(包括单位费用授权和固定费用授权)的CLSC决策模型，对比3种模型的均衡解及最优利润，并分析TPR再制品市场接受度、再制造成本节约对均衡解及企业利润的影响。研究表明，授权增加了OEM利润，故OEM更倾向于对TPR进行授权，并根据固定授权费的大小来决定授权模式；CLSC总利润在固定费用授权模式下最大，且该模式下消费者的购买成本最低；TPR再制品市场接受度及再制造成本节约的增加可提高TPR利润，但会加大对OEM再制品的挤兑程度，最终导致OEM提高授权费来弥补利润损失。

关键词: 专利授权, 异质需求, 再制造, 博弈论

Abstract: In order to explore the best remanufacturing authorization model in the market with heterogeneous consumer demand, based on the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the third party remanufacturer (TPR) remanufacture simultaneously, the CLSC decision-making model of TPR independent remanufacturing and OEM patent authorization remanufacturing (including unit fee authorization and fixed fee authorization) are separately discussed using game theory, the equilibrium solution and optimal profit of the three models compared, and the effects of market acceptance of TPR remanufacturing and remanufacturing cost saving on equilibrium solution and enterprise profit analyzed. The results show that: authorization increases OEM profits, so OEM prefers to authorize TPR and decide the authorization mode according to the size of fixed license fee; the total profit of CLSC is the largest under the fixed fee authorization mode, and the purchase cost of consumers is the lowest under this mode; the increase of TPR remanufacturing market acceptance and remanufacturing cost saving can improve TPR profit, but it will increase the run on OEM remanufactures, and eventually lead to the increase of OEM licensing fee to make up for the loss of profits.

Key words: patent authorization, heterogeneous demand, remanufacturing, game theory

中图分类号:

F274

程红亚, 孟丽君, 扈裕晴, 黄祖庆. 基于消费者异质性需求的闭环供应链再制造授权模式研究[J]. 工业工程, 2021, 24(6): 140-149.

CHENG Hongya, MENG Lijun, HU Yuqing, HUANG Zuqing. A Research on Remanufacturing Authorization Model of Closed Loop Supply Chain Based on Consumer Heterogeneous Demand[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2021, 24(6): 140-149.

参考文献

[1] 刘文强,莫君媛,顾成奎. 中国再制造产业发展现状、未来及对策[J]. 中国工业评论, 2017(2): 50-57
LIU Wenqiang, MO Junyuan, GU Chengkui. Development status, future and countermeasures of China's remanufacturing industry[J]. China Industrial Review, 2017(2): 50-57
[2] MITSUTAKA M, YANG S S, KRISTIAN M, et al. Trends and research challenges in remanufacturing[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering & Manufacturing Green Technology, 2016, 3(1): 129-142
[3] 申成然,熊中楷,彭志强. 专利保护与政府补贴下再制造闭环供应链的决策与协调[J]. 管理工程学报, 2013, 27(3): 132-138
SHEN Chengran, XIONG Zhongkai, PENG Zhiqiang. Decision making and coordination of remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under patent protection and government subsidy[J]. Journal of Management Engineering, 2013, 27(3): 132-138
[4] ZOU Z B, WANG J J, DENG G S, et al. Third-party remanufacturing mode selection: outsourcing or authorization?[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics & Transportation Review, 2016, 87(3): 1-19
[5] ZHANG Y M, CHEN W D, YAN M. Third-party remanufacturing mode selection for competitive closed-loop supply chain based on evolutionary game theory[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 263(3): 1-16
[6] MA Z J, ZHOU Q, DAI Y, et al. To License or not to license remanufacturing business?[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2): 1-22
[7] LIU H H, YUE X H, DING H, et al. Optimal remanufacturing certification contracts in the electrical and electronic industry[J]. Sustainability, 2017, 9(4): 516-533
[8] 申成然,刘名武,熊中楷. 考虑专利许可的制造商与再制造商竞争策略[J]. 运筹与管理, 2014, 23(2): 55-63
SHEN Chengran, LIU Mingwu, XIONG Zhongkai. Competition strategy between manufacturers and remanufacturers considering patent licensing[J]. Operations Research and Management, 2014, 23(2): 55-63
[9] YAN W, CHAI J, Qian Z, et al. Operational decisions on remanufacturing outsourcing involved with corporate environmental and social responsibility—a sustainable perspective[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(4): 1132-1150
[10] HONG X P, GOVINDAN K, XU L, et al. Quantity and collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with technology licensing[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 256(3): 820-829
[11] LIU H H, LEI M, HUANG T, et al. Refurbishing authorization strategy in the secondary market for electrical and electronic products[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2018, 195(1): 198-209
[12] 邹宗保,王建军,邓贵仕,等. 基于成本对比的制造商与授权再制造商博弈模型[J]. 系统工程学报, 2016, 31(3): 373-385
ZOU Zongbao, WANG Jianjun, DENG Guishi, et al. Game model between manufacturer and authorized remanufacturer based on cost comparison[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2016, 31(3): 373-385
[13] JIN M Y, NIE J J, YANG F, et al. The impact of third-party remanufacturing on the forward supply chain: a blessing or a curse?[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2017, 55(22): 6871-6882
[14] 赵晓敏, 孟潇潇, 朱贺. 专利授权模式下OEM与再制造商的博弈决策: 基于OEM的绿色创新视角[J]. 管理评论, 2020, 32(4): 132-145
ZHAO Xiaomin, MENG Xiaoxiao, ZHU He. Game decision between OEM and remanufacturer under patent licensing mode: green innovation perspective based on OEM[J]. Management Review, 2020, 32(4): 132-145
[15] 闻卉,曹晓刚,陶建平, 等. 零售商价格领导权结构下考虑专利保护的闭环供应链定价策略[J]. 运筹与管理, 2017, 26(8): 109-114
WEN Hui, CAO Xiaogang, TAO Jianping, et al. Closed loop supply chain pricing strategy with patent protection under retailer price leadership structure[J]. Operations Research and Management, 2017, 26(8): 109-114
[16] FERGUSON M E, TOKTAY L B. The effect of competition on recovery strategies[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2006, 15(3): 351-368
[17] HUANG Y T, WANG Z J. Closed-loop supply chain models with product take-back and hybrid remanufacturing under technology licensing[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 142(142): 3917-3927
[18] 高攀,王旭,景熠,等. 基于异质需求的再制造与翻新产品差异定价策略[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2014, 20(9): 2134-2145
GAO Pan, WANG Xu, JING Yi, et al. Differential pricing strategy of remanufacturing and refurbishing products based on heterogeneous demand[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 2014, 20(9): 2134-2145
[19] 刘光富,刘文侠. 双渠道再制造闭环供应链差异定价策略[J]. 管理学报, 2017, 14(4): 625-632
LIU Guangfu, LIU Wenxia. Differential pricing strategy of dual channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain[J]. Journal of Management, 2017, 14(4): 625-632
[20] 高举红, 李梦梦, 霍帧. 市场细分下考虑消费者支付意愿差异的闭环供应链定价决策[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2018, 38(12): 3071-3084
GAO Juhong, LI Mengmeng, HUO Zhen. Pricing decision of closed-loop supply chain considering the difference of consumers' willingness to pay under market segmentation[J]. System Engineering Theory and Practice, 2018, 38(12): 3071-3084
[21] 许民利,张璇,简惠云. 考虑品牌优势和成本差异的再制造决策[J]. 管理学报, 2016, 13(8): 1241-1249
XU Minli, ZHANG Xuan, JIAN Huiyun. Remanufacturing decision considering brand advantage and cost difference[J]. Journal of Management, 2016, 13(8): 1241-1249
[22] 孙浩,叶俊,胡劲松,等. 不同决策模式下制造商与再制造商的博弈策略研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2017, 25(1): 160-169
SUN Hao, YE Jun, HU Jinsong, et al. Study on the game strategy between manufacturers and remanufacturers under different decision-making modes[J]. China Management Science, 2017, 25(1): 160-169
[23] 伍颖,熊中楷. 竞争条件下制造商和再制造商的生产决策[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2014, 34(2): 291-303
WU Ying, XIONG Zhongkai. Production decisions of manufacturers and remanufacturers under competitive conditions[J]. System Engineering Theory and Practice, 2014, 34(2): 291-303
[24] AGRAWAL V V, ATASU A, ITTERSUM V, et al. Remanufacturing, third-party competition, and consumers' perceived value of new products[J]. Management Science, 2015, 61(1): 60-72
[25] 唐飞, 许茂增. 考虑专利保护和渠道偏好的再制造双渠道闭环供应链决策与协调[J]. 运筹与管理, 2019, 28(6): 61-69
TANG Fei, XU Maozeng. Decision and coordination of dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing considering patent protection and channel preference[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2019, 28(6): 61-69